chore: release v4.0.0 - sync 550+ skills and restructure docs
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skills/modern-javascript-patterns/SKILL.md
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skills/modern-javascript-patterns/SKILL.md
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---
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name: modern-javascript-patterns
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description: Master ES6+ features including async/await, destructuring, spread operators, arrow functions, promises, modules, iterators, generators, and functional programming patterns for writing clean, efficient JavaScript code. Use when refactoring legacy code, implementing modern patterns, or optimizing JavaScript applications.
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---
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# Modern JavaScript Patterns
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Comprehensive guide for mastering modern JavaScript (ES6+) features, functional programming patterns, and best practices for writing clean, maintainable, and performant code.
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## Use this skill when
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- Refactoring legacy JavaScript to modern syntax
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- Implementing functional programming patterns
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- Optimizing JavaScript performance
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- Writing maintainable and readable code
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- Working with asynchronous operations
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- Building modern web applications
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- Migrating from callbacks to Promises/async-await
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- Implementing data transformation pipelines
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## Do not use this skill when
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- The task is unrelated to modern javascript patterns
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- You need a different domain or tool outside this scope
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## Instructions
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- Clarify goals, constraints, and required inputs.
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- Apply relevant best practices and validate outcomes.
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- Provide actionable steps and verification.
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- If detailed examples are required, open `resources/implementation-playbook.md`.
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## Resources
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- `resources/implementation-playbook.md` for detailed patterns and examples.
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# Modern JavaScript Patterns Implementation Playbook
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This file contains detailed patterns, checklists, and code samples referenced by the skill.
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# Modern JavaScript Patterns
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Comprehensive guide for mastering modern JavaScript (ES6+) features, functional programming patterns, and best practices for writing clean, maintainable, and performant code.
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## When to Use This Skill
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- Refactoring legacy JavaScript to modern syntax
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- Implementing functional programming patterns
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- Optimizing JavaScript performance
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- Writing maintainable and readable code
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- Working with asynchronous operations
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- Building modern web applications
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- Migrating from callbacks to Promises/async-await
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- Implementing data transformation pipelines
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## ES6+ Core Features
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### 1. Arrow Functions
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**Syntax and Use Cases:**
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```javascript
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// Traditional function
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function add(a, b) {
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return a + b;
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}
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// Arrow function
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const add = (a, b) => a + b;
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// Single parameter (parentheses optional)
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const double = x => x * 2;
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// No parameters
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const getRandom = () => Math.random();
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// Multiple statements (need curly braces)
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const processUser = user => {
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const normalized = user.name.toLowerCase();
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return { ...user, name: normalized };
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};
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// Returning objects (wrap in parentheses)
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const createUser = (name, age) => ({ name, age });
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```
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**Lexical 'this' Binding:**
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```javascript
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class Counter {
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constructor() {
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this.count = 0;
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}
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// Arrow function preserves 'this' context
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increment = () => {
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this.count++;
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};
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// Traditional function loses 'this' in callbacks
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incrementTraditional() {
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setTimeout(function() {
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this.count++; // 'this' is undefined
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}, 1000);
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}
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// Arrow function maintains 'this'
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incrementArrow() {
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setTimeout(() => {
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this.count++; // 'this' refers to Counter instance
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}, 1000);
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}
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}
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```
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### 2. Destructuring
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**Object Destructuring:**
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```javascript
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const user = {
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id: 1,
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name: 'John Doe',
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email: 'john@example.com',
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address: {
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city: 'New York',
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country: 'USA'
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}
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};
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// Basic destructuring
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const { name, email } = user;
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// Rename variables
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const { name: userName, email: userEmail } = user;
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// Default values
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const { age = 25 } = user;
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// Nested destructuring
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const { address: { city, country } } = user;
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// Rest operator
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const { id, ...userWithoutId } = user;
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// Function parameters
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function greet({ name, age = 18 }) {
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console.log(`Hello ${name}, you are ${age}`);
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}
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greet(user);
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```
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**Array Destructuring:**
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```javascript
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const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
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// Basic destructuring
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const [first, second] = numbers;
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// Skip elements
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const [, , third] = numbers;
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// Rest operator
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const [head, ...tail] = numbers;
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// Swapping variables
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let a = 1, b = 2;
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[a, b] = [b, a];
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// Function return values
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function getCoordinates() {
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return [10, 20];
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}
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const [x, y] = getCoordinates();
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// Default values
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const [one, two, three = 0] = [1, 2];
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```
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### 3. Spread and Rest Operators
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**Spread Operator:**
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```javascript
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// Array spreading
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const arr1 = [1, 2, 3];
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const arr2 = [4, 5, 6];
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const combined = [...arr1, ...arr2];
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// Object spreading
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const defaults = { theme: 'dark', lang: 'en' };
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const userPrefs = { theme: 'light' };
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const settings = { ...defaults, ...userPrefs };
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// Function arguments
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const numbers = [1, 2, 3];
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Math.max(...numbers);
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// Copying arrays/objects (shallow copy)
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const copy = [...arr1];
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const objCopy = { ...user };
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// Adding items immutably
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const newArr = [...arr1, 4, 5];
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const newObj = { ...user, age: 30 };
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```
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**Rest Parameters:**
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```javascript
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// Collect function arguments
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function sum(...numbers) {
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return numbers.reduce((total, num) => total + num, 0);
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}
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sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
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// With regular parameters
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function greet(greeting, ...names) {
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return `${greeting} ${names.join(', ')}`;
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}
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greet('Hello', 'John', 'Jane', 'Bob');
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// Object rest
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const { id, ...userData } = user;
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// Array rest
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const [first, ...rest] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
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```
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### 4. Template Literals
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```javascript
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// Basic usage
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const name = 'John';
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const greeting = `Hello, ${name}!`;
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// Multi-line strings
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const html = `
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<div>
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<h1>${title}</h1>
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<p>${content}</p>
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</div>
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`;
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// Expression evaluation
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const price = 19.99;
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const total = `Total: $${(price * 1.2).toFixed(2)}`;
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// Tagged template literals
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function highlight(strings, ...values) {
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return strings.reduce((result, str, i) => {
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const value = values[i] || '';
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return result + str + `<mark>${value}</mark>`;
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}, '');
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}
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const name = 'John';
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const age = 30;
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const html = highlight`Name: ${name}, Age: ${age}`;
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// Output: "Name: <mark>John</mark>, Age: <mark>30</mark>"
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```
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### 5. Enhanced Object Literals
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```javascript
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const name = 'John';
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const age = 30;
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// Shorthand property names
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const user = { name, age };
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// Shorthand method names
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const calculator = {
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add(a, b) {
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return a + b;
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},
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subtract(a, b) {
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return a - b;
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}
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};
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// Computed property names
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const field = 'email';
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const user = {
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name: 'John',
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[field]: 'john@example.com',
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[`get${field.charAt(0).toUpperCase()}${field.slice(1)}`]() {
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return this[field];
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}
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};
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// Dynamic property creation
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const createUser = (name, ...props) => {
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return props.reduce((user, [key, value]) => ({
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...user,
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[key]: value
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}), { name });
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};
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const user = createUser('John', ['age', 30], ['email', 'john@example.com']);
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```
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## Asynchronous Patterns
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### 1. Promises
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**Creating and Using Promises:**
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```javascript
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// Creating a promise
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const fetchUser = (id) => {
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return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
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setTimeout(() => {
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if (id > 0) {
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resolve({ id, name: 'John' });
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} else {
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reject(new Error('Invalid ID'));
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}
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}, 1000);
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});
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};
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// Using promises
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fetchUser(1)
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.then(user => console.log(user))
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.catch(error => console.error(error))
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.finally(() => console.log('Done'));
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// Chaining promises
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fetchUser(1)
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.then(user => fetchUserPosts(user.id))
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.then(posts => processPosts(posts))
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.then(result => console.log(result))
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.catch(error => console.error(error));
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```
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**Promise Combinators:**
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```javascript
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// Promise.all - Wait for all promises
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const promises = [
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fetchUser(1),
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fetchUser(2),
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fetchUser(3)
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];
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Promise.all(promises)
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.then(users => console.log(users))
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.catch(error => console.error('At least one failed:', error));
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// Promise.allSettled - Wait for all, regardless of outcome
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Promise.allSettled(promises)
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.then(results => {
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results.forEach(result => {
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if (result.status === 'fulfilled') {
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console.log('Success:', result.value);
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} else {
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console.log('Error:', result.reason);
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}
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});
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});
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// Promise.race - First to complete
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Promise.race(promises)
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.then(winner => console.log('First:', winner))
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.catch(error => console.error(error));
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// Promise.any - First to succeed
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Promise.any(promises)
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.then(first => console.log('First success:', first))
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.catch(error => console.error('All failed:', error));
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```
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### 2. Async/Await
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**Basic Usage:**
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```javascript
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// Async function always returns a Promise
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async function fetchUser(id) {
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const response = await fetch(`/api/users/${id}`);
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const user = await response.json();
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return user;
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}
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|
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// Error handling with try/catch
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async function getUserData(id) {
|
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try {
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const user = await fetchUser(id);
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const posts = await fetchUserPosts(user.id);
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return { user, posts };
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} catch (error) {
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console.error('Error fetching data:', error);
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throw error;
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}
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}
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|
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// Sequential vs Parallel execution
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async function sequential() {
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const user1 = await fetchUser(1); // Wait
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const user2 = await fetchUser(2); // Then wait
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return [user1, user2];
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}
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async function parallel() {
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const [user1, user2] = await Promise.all([
|
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fetchUser(1),
|
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fetchUser(2)
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]);
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return [user1, user2];
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}
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```
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|
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**Advanced Patterns:**
|
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```javascript
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// Async IIFE
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(async () => {
|
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const result = await someAsyncOperation();
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console.log(result);
|
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})();
|
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|
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// Async iteration
|
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async function processUsers(userIds) {
|
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for (const id of userIds) {
|
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const user = await fetchUser(id);
|
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await processUser(user);
|
||||
}
|
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}
|
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|
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// Top-level await (ES2022)
|
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const config = await fetch('/config.json').then(r => r.json());
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|
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// Retry logic
|
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async function fetchWithRetry(url, retries = 3) {
|
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for (let i = 0; i < retries; i++) {
|
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try {
|
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return await fetch(url);
|
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} catch (error) {
|
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if (i === retries - 1) throw error;
|
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await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000 * (i + 1)));
|
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}
|
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}
|
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}
|
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|
||||
// Timeout wrapper
|
||||
async function withTimeout(promise, ms) {
|
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const timeout = new Promise((_, reject) =>
|
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setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('Timeout')), ms)
|
||||
);
|
||||
return Promise.race([promise, timeout]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Functional Programming Patterns
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Array Methods
|
||||
|
||||
**Map, Filter, Reduce:**
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
const users = [
|
||||
{ id: 1, name: 'John', age: 30, active: true },
|
||||
{ id: 2, name: 'Jane', age: 25, active: false },
|
||||
{ id: 3, name: 'Bob', age: 35, active: true }
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
// Map - Transform array
|
||||
const names = users.map(user => user.name);
|
||||
const upperNames = users.map(user => user.name.toUpperCase());
|
||||
|
||||
// Filter - Select elements
|
||||
const activeUsers = users.filter(user => user.active);
|
||||
const adults = users.filter(user => user.age >= 18);
|
||||
|
||||
// Reduce - Aggregate data
|
||||
const totalAge = users.reduce((sum, user) => sum + user.age, 0);
|
||||
const avgAge = totalAge / users.length;
|
||||
|
||||
// Group by property
|
||||
const byActive = users.reduce((groups, user) => {
|
||||
const key = user.active ? 'active' : 'inactive';
|
||||
return {
|
||||
...groups,
|
||||
[key]: [...(groups[key] || []), user]
|
||||
};
|
||||
}, {});
|
||||
|
||||
// Chaining methods
|
||||
const result = users
|
||||
.filter(user => user.active)
|
||||
.map(user => user.name)
|
||||
.sort()
|
||||
.join(', ');
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Advanced Array Methods:**
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
// Find - First matching element
|
||||
const user = users.find(u => u.id === 2);
|
||||
|
||||
// FindIndex - Index of first match
|
||||
const index = users.findIndex(u => u.name === 'Jane');
|
||||
|
||||
// Some - At least one matches
|
||||
const hasActive = users.some(u => u.active);
|
||||
|
||||
// Every - All match
|
||||
const allAdults = users.every(u => u.age >= 18);
|
||||
|
||||
// FlatMap - Map and flatten
|
||||
const userTags = [
|
||||
{ name: 'John', tags: ['admin', 'user'] },
|
||||
{ name: 'Jane', tags: ['user'] }
|
||||
];
|
||||
const allTags = userTags.flatMap(u => u.tags);
|
||||
|
||||
// From - Create array from iterable
|
||||
const str = 'hello';
|
||||
const chars = Array.from(str);
|
||||
const numbers = Array.from({ length: 5 }, (_, i) => i + 1);
|
||||
|
||||
// Of - Create array from arguments
|
||||
const arr = Array.of(1, 2, 3);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Higher-Order Functions
|
||||
|
||||
**Functions as Arguments:**
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
// Custom forEach
|
||||
function forEach(array, callback) {
|
||||
for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
|
||||
callback(array[i], i, array);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Custom map
|
||||
function map(array, transform) {
|
||||
const result = [];
|
||||
for (const item of array) {
|
||||
result.push(transform(item));
|
||||
}
|
||||
return result;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Custom filter
|
||||
function filter(array, predicate) {
|
||||
const result = [];
|
||||
for (const item of array) {
|
||||
if (predicate(item)) {
|
||||
result.push(item);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return result;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Functions Returning Functions:**
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
// Currying
|
||||
const multiply = a => b => a * b;
|
||||
const double = multiply(2);
|
||||
const triple = multiply(3);
|
||||
|
||||
console.log(double(5)); // 10
|
||||
console.log(triple(5)); // 15
|
||||
|
||||
// Partial application
|
||||
function partial(fn, ...args) {
|
||||
return (...moreArgs) => fn(...args, ...moreArgs);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
const add = (a, b, c) => a + b + c;
|
||||
const add5 = partial(add, 5);
|
||||
console.log(add5(3, 2)); // 10
|
||||
|
||||
// Memoization
|
||||
function memoize(fn) {
|
||||
const cache = new Map();
|
||||
return (...args) => {
|
||||
const key = JSON.stringify(args);
|
||||
if (cache.has(key)) {
|
||||
return cache.get(key);
|
||||
}
|
||||
const result = fn(...args);
|
||||
cache.set(key, result);
|
||||
return result;
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
const fibonacci = memoize((n) => {
|
||||
if (n <= 1) return n;
|
||||
return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
|
||||
});
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Composition and Piping
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
// Function composition
|
||||
const compose = (...fns) => x =>
|
||||
fns.reduceRight((acc, fn) => fn(acc), x);
|
||||
|
||||
const pipe = (...fns) => x =>
|
||||
fns.reduce((acc, fn) => fn(acc), x);
|
||||
|
||||
// Example usage
|
||||
const addOne = x => x + 1;
|
||||
const double = x => x * 2;
|
||||
const square = x => x * x;
|
||||
|
||||
const composed = compose(square, double, addOne);
|
||||
console.log(composed(3)); // ((3 + 1) * 2)^2 = 64
|
||||
|
||||
const piped = pipe(addOne, double, square);
|
||||
console.log(piped(3)); // ((3 + 1) * 2)^2 = 64
|
||||
|
||||
// Practical example
|
||||
const processUser = pipe(
|
||||
user => ({ ...user, name: user.name.trim() }),
|
||||
user => ({ ...user, email: user.email.toLowerCase() }),
|
||||
user => ({ ...user, age: parseInt(user.age) })
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
const user = processUser({
|
||||
name: ' John ',
|
||||
email: 'JOHN@EXAMPLE.COM',
|
||||
age: '30'
|
||||
});
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Pure Functions and Immutability
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
// Impure function (modifies input)
|
||||
function addItemImpure(cart, item) {
|
||||
cart.items.push(item);
|
||||
cart.total += item.price;
|
||||
return cart;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Pure function (no side effects)
|
||||
function addItemPure(cart, item) {
|
||||
return {
|
||||
...cart,
|
||||
items: [...cart.items, item],
|
||||
total: cart.total + item.price
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Immutable array operations
|
||||
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
|
||||
|
||||
// Add to array
|
||||
const withSix = [...numbers, 6];
|
||||
|
||||
// Remove from array
|
||||
const withoutThree = numbers.filter(n => n !== 3);
|
||||
|
||||
// Update array element
|
||||
const doubled = numbers.map(n => n === 3 ? n * 2 : n);
|
||||
|
||||
// Immutable object operations
|
||||
const user = { name: 'John', age: 30 };
|
||||
|
||||
// Update property
|
||||
const olderUser = { ...user, age: 31 };
|
||||
|
||||
// Add property
|
||||
const withEmail = { ...user, email: 'john@example.com' };
|
||||
|
||||
// Remove property
|
||||
const { age, ...withoutAge } = user;
|
||||
|
||||
// Deep cloning (simple approach)
|
||||
const deepClone = obj => JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
|
||||
|
||||
// Better deep cloning
|
||||
const structuredClone = obj => globalThis.structuredClone(obj);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Modern Class Features
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
// Class syntax
|
||||
class User {
|
||||
// Private fields
|
||||
#password;
|
||||
|
||||
// Public fields
|
||||
id;
|
||||
name;
|
||||
|
||||
// Static field
|
||||
static count = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
constructor(id, name, password) {
|
||||
this.id = id;
|
||||
this.name = name;
|
||||
this.#password = password;
|
||||
User.count++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Public method
|
||||
greet() {
|
||||
return `Hello, ${this.name}`;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Private method
|
||||
#hashPassword(password) {
|
||||
return `hashed_${password}`;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Getter
|
||||
get displayName() {
|
||||
return this.name.toUpperCase();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Setter
|
||||
set password(newPassword) {
|
||||
this.#password = this.#hashPassword(newPassword);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Static method
|
||||
static create(id, name, password) {
|
||||
return new User(id, name, password);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Inheritance
|
||||
class Admin extends User {
|
||||
constructor(id, name, password, role) {
|
||||
super(id, name, password);
|
||||
this.role = role;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
greet() {
|
||||
return `${super.greet()}, I'm an admin`;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Modules (ES6)
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
// Exporting
|
||||
// math.js
|
||||
export const PI = 3.14159;
|
||||
export function add(a, b) {
|
||||
return a + b;
|
||||
}
|
||||
export class Calculator {
|
||||
// ...
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Default export
|
||||
export default function multiply(a, b) {
|
||||
return a * b;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Importing
|
||||
// app.js
|
||||
import multiply, { PI, add, Calculator } from './math.js';
|
||||
|
||||
// Rename imports
|
||||
import { add as sum } from './math.js';
|
||||
|
||||
// Import all
|
||||
import * as Math from './math.js';
|
||||
|
||||
// Dynamic imports
|
||||
const module = await import('./math.js');
|
||||
const { add } = await import('./math.js');
|
||||
|
||||
// Conditional loading
|
||||
if (condition) {
|
||||
const module = await import('./feature.js');
|
||||
module.init();
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Iterators and Generators
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
// Custom iterator
|
||||
const range = {
|
||||
from: 1,
|
||||
to: 5,
|
||||
|
||||
[Symbol.iterator]() {
|
||||
return {
|
||||
current: this.from,
|
||||
last: this.to,
|
||||
|
||||
next() {
|
||||
if (this.current <= this.last) {
|
||||
return { done: false, value: this.current++ };
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
return { done: true };
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
for (const num of range) {
|
||||
console.log(num); // 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Generator function
|
||||
function* rangeGenerator(from, to) {
|
||||
for (let i = from; i <= to; i++) {
|
||||
yield i;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
for (const num of rangeGenerator(1, 5)) {
|
||||
console.log(num);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Infinite generator
|
||||
function* fibonacci() {
|
||||
let [prev, curr] = [0, 1];
|
||||
while (true) {
|
||||
yield curr;
|
||||
[prev, curr] = [curr, prev + curr];
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Async generator
|
||||
async function* fetchPages(url) {
|
||||
let page = 1;
|
||||
while (true) {
|
||||
const response = await fetch(`${url}?page=${page}`);
|
||||
const data = await response.json();
|
||||
if (data.length === 0) break;
|
||||
yield data;
|
||||
page++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
for await (const page of fetchPages('/api/users')) {
|
||||
console.log(page);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Modern Operators
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
// Optional chaining
|
||||
const user = { name: 'John', address: { city: 'NYC' } };
|
||||
const city = user?.address?.city;
|
||||
const zipCode = user?.address?.zipCode; // undefined
|
||||
|
||||
// Function call
|
||||
const result = obj.method?.();
|
||||
|
||||
// Array access
|
||||
const first = arr?.[0];
|
||||
|
||||
// Nullish coalescing
|
||||
const value = null ?? 'default'; // 'default'
|
||||
const value = undefined ?? 'default'; // 'default'
|
||||
const value = 0 ?? 'default'; // 0 (not 'default')
|
||||
const value = '' ?? 'default'; // '' (not 'default')
|
||||
|
||||
// Logical assignment
|
||||
let a = null;
|
||||
a ??= 'default'; // a = 'default'
|
||||
|
||||
let b = 5;
|
||||
b ??= 10; // b = 5 (unchanged)
|
||||
|
||||
let obj = { count: 0 };
|
||||
obj.count ||= 1; // obj.count = 1
|
||||
obj.count &&= 2; // obj.count = 2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Performance Optimization
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
// Debounce
|
||||
function debounce(fn, delay) {
|
||||
let timeoutId;
|
||||
return (...args) => {
|
||||
clearTimeout(timeoutId);
|
||||
timeoutId = setTimeout(() => fn(...args), delay);
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
const searchDebounced = debounce(search, 300);
|
||||
|
||||
// Throttle
|
||||
function throttle(fn, limit) {
|
||||
let inThrottle;
|
||||
return (...args) => {
|
||||
if (!inThrottle) {
|
||||
fn(...args);
|
||||
inThrottle = true;
|
||||
setTimeout(() => inThrottle = false, limit);
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
const scrollThrottled = throttle(handleScroll, 100);
|
||||
|
||||
// Lazy evaluation
|
||||
function* lazyMap(iterable, transform) {
|
||||
for (const item of iterable) {
|
||||
yield transform(item);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Use only what you need
|
||||
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
|
||||
const doubled = lazyMap(numbers, x => x * 2);
|
||||
const first = doubled.next().value; // Only computes first value
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Best Practices
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Use const by default**: Only use let when reassignment is needed
|
||||
2. **Prefer arrow functions**: Especially for callbacks
|
||||
3. **Use template literals**: Instead of string concatenation
|
||||
4. **Destructure objects and arrays**: For cleaner code
|
||||
5. **Use async/await**: Instead of Promise chains
|
||||
6. **Avoid mutating data**: Use spread operator and array methods
|
||||
7. **Use optional chaining**: Prevent "Cannot read property of undefined"
|
||||
8. **Use nullish coalescing**: For default values
|
||||
9. **Prefer array methods**: Over traditional loops
|
||||
10. **Use modules**: For better code organization
|
||||
11. **Write pure functions**: Easier to test and reason about
|
||||
12. **Use meaningful variable names**: Self-documenting code
|
||||
13. **Keep functions small**: Single responsibility principle
|
||||
14. **Handle errors properly**: Use try/catch with async/await
|
||||
15. **Use strict mode**: `'use strict'` for better error catching
|
||||
|
||||
## Common Pitfalls
|
||||
|
||||
1. **this binding confusion**: Use arrow functions or bind()
|
||||
2. **Async/await without error handling**: Always use try/catch
|
||||
3. **Promise creation unnecessary**: Don't wrap already async functions
|
||||
4. **Mutation of objects**: Use spread operator or Object.assign()
|
||||
5. **Forgetting await**: Async functions return promises
|
||||
6. **Blocking event loop**: Avoid synchronous operations
|
||||
7. **Memory leaks**: Clean up event listeners and timers
|
||||
8. **Not handling promise rejections**: Use catch() or try/catch
|
||||
|
||||
## Resources
|
||||
|
||||
- **MDN Web Docs**: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript
|
||||
- **JavaScript.info**: https://javascript.info/
|
||||
- **You Don't Know JS**: https://github.com/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS
|
||||
- **Eloquent JavaScript**: https://eloquentjavascript.net/
|
||||
- **ES6 Features**: http://es6-features.org/
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user