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902 B
902 B
Query Optimization
N+1 problem, EXPLAIN ANALYZE, optimization priorities.
N+1 Problem
What is N+1?
├── 1 query to get parent records
├── N queries to get related records
└── Very slow!
Solutions:
├── JOIN → Single query with all data
├── Eager loading → ORM handles JOIN
├── DataLoader → Batch and cache (GraphQL)
└── Subquery → Fetch related in one query
Query Analysis Mindset
Before optimizing:
├── EXPLAIN ANALYZE the query
├── Look for Seq Scan (full table scan)
├── Check actual vs estimated rows
└── Identify missing indexes
Optimization Priorities
- Add missing indexes (most common issue)
- Select only needed columns (not SELECT *)
- Use proper JOINs (avoid subqueries when possible)
- Limit early (pagination at database level)
- Cache (when appropriate)