#!/usr/bin/env python3 """ Pipeline Orchestrator Generate pipeline configurations for Airflow, Prefect, and Dagster. Supports ETL pattern generation, dependency management, and scheduling. Usage: python pipeline_orchestrator.py generate --type airflow --source postgres --destination snowflake python pipeline_orchestrator.py generate --type prefect --config pipeline.yaml python pipeline_orchestrator.py visualize --dag dags/my_dag.py python pipeline_orchestrator.py validate --dag dags/my_dag.py """ import os import sys import json try: import yaml HAS_YAML = True except ImportError: HAS_YAML = False import logging import argparse from pathlib import Path from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Any from datetime import datetime, timedelta from dataclasses import dataclass, field, asdict from abc import ABC, abstractmethod logging.basicConfig( level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s' ) logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # ============================================================================ # Data Classes # ============================================================================ @dataclass class SourceConfig: """Source system configuration.""" type: str # postgres, mysql, s3, kafka, api connection_id: str schema: Optional[str] = None tables: List[str] = field(default_factory=list) query: Optional[str] = None incremental_column: Optional[str] = None incremental_strategy: str = "timestamp" # timestamp, id, cdc @dataclass class DestinationConfig: """Destination system configuration.""" type: str # snowflake, bigquery, redshift, s3, delta connection_id: str schema: str = "raw" write_mode: str = "append" # append, overwrite, merge partition_by: Optional[str] = None cluster_by: List[str] = field(default_factory=list) @dataclass class TaskConfig: """Individual task configuration.""" task_id: str operator: str dependencies: List[str] = field(default_factory=list) params: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict) retries: int = 2 retry_delay_minutes: int = 5 timeout_minutes: int = 60 pool: Optional[str] = None priority_weight: int = 1 @dataclass class PipelineConfig: """Complete pipeline configuration.""" name: str description: str schedule: str # cron expression or @daily, @hourly owner: str = "data-team" tags: List[str] = field(default_factory=list) catchup: bool = False max_active_runs: int = 1 default_retries: int = 2 source: Optional[SourceConfig] = None destination: Optional[DestinationConfig] = None tasks: List[TaskConfig] = field(default_factory=list) # ============================================================================ # Pipeline Generators # ============================================================================ class PipelineGenerator(ABC): """Abstract base class for pipeline generators.""" @abstractmethod def generate(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate pipeline code from config.""" pass @abstractmethod def validate(self, code: str) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Validate generated pipeline code.""" pass class AirflowGenerator(PipelineGenerator): """Generate Airflow DAG code.""" OPERATOR_IMPORTS = { 'python': 'from airflow.operators.python import PythonOperator', 'bash': 'from airflow.operators.bash import BashOperator', 'postgres': 'from airflow.providers.postgres.operators.postgres import PostgresOperator', 'snowflake': 'from airflow.providers.snowflake.operators.snowflake import SnowflakeOperator', 's3': 'from airflow.providers.amazon.aws.operators.s3 import S3CreateBucketOperator', 's3_to_snowflake': 'from airflow.providers.snowflake.transfers.s3_to_snowflake import S3ToSnowflakeOperator', 'sensor': 'from airflow.sensors.base import BaseSensorOperator', 'trigger': 'from airflow.operators.trigger_dagrun import TriggerDagRunOperator', 'email': 'from airflow.operators.email import EmailOperator', 'slack': 'from airflow.providers.slack.operators.slack_webhook import SlackWebhookOperator', } def generate(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate Airflow DAG from configuration.""" # Collect required imports imports = self._collect_imports(config) # Generate DAG code code = self._generate_header(imports) code += self._generate_default_args(config) code += self._generate_dag_definition(config) code += self._generate_tasks(config) code += self._generate_dependencies(config) return code def _collect_imports(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> List[str]: """Collect required import statements.""" imports = [ "from airflow import DAG", "from airflow.utils.dates import days_ago", "from datetime import datetime, timedelta", ] operators_used = set() for task in config.tasks: op_type = task.operator.split('_')[0].lower() if op_type in self.OPERATOR_IMPORTS: operators_used.add(op_type) # Add source/destination specific imports if config.source: if config.source.type == 'postgres': operators_used.add('postgres') elif config.source.type == 's3': operators_used.add('s3') if config.destination: if config.destination.type == 'snowflake': operators_used.add('snowflake') operators_used.add('s3_to_snowflake') for op in operators_used: if op in self.OPERATOR_IMPORTS: imports.append(self.OPERATOR_IMPORTS[op]) return imports def _generate_header(self, imports: List[str]) -> str: """Generate file header with imports.""" header = '''""" Auto-generated Airflow DAG Generated by Pipeline Orchestrator """ ''' header += '\n'.join(imports) header += '\n\n' return header def _generate_default_args(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate default_args dictionary.""" return f''' default_args = {{ 'owner': '{config.owner}', 'depends_on_past': False, 'email_on_failure': True, 'email_on_retry': False, 'retries': {config.default_retries}, 'retry_delay': timedelta(minutes=5), }} ''' def _generate_dag_definition(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate DAG definition.""" tags_str = str(config.tags) if config.tags else "[]" return f''' with DAG( dag_id='{config.name}', default_args=default_args, description='{config.description}', schedule_interval='{config.schedule}', start_date=days_ago(1), catchup={config.catchup}, max_active_runs={config.max_active_runs}, tags={tags_str}, ) as dag: ''' def _generate_tasks(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate task definitions.""" tasks_code = "" for task in config.tasks: if 'python' in task.operator.lower(): tasks_code += self._generate_python_task(task) elif 'bash' in task.operator.lower(): tasks_code += self._generate_bash_task(task) elif 'sql' in task.operator.lower() or 'postgres' in task.operator.lower(): tasks_code += self._generate_sql_task(task, config) elif 'snowflake' in task.operator.lower(): tasks_code += self._generate_snowflake_task(task) else: tasks_code += self._generate_generic_task(task) return tasks_code def _generate_python_task(self, task: TaskConfig) -> str: """Generate PythonOperator task.""" callable_name = task.params.get('callable', 'process_data') return f''' def {callable_name}(**kwargs): """Task: {task.task_id}""" # Add your processing logic here execution_date = kwargs.get('ds') print(f"Processing data for {{execution_date}}") return True {task.task_id} = PythonOperator( task_id='{task.task_id}', python_callable={callable_name}, retries={task.retries}, retry_delay=timedelta(minutes={task.retry_delay_minutes}), execution_timeout=timedelta(minutes={task.timeout_minutes}), ) ''' def _generate_bash_task(self, task: TaskConfig) -> str: """Generate BashOperator task.""" command = task.params.get('command', 'echo "Hello World"') return f''' {task.task_id} = BashOperator( task_id='{task.task_id}', bash_command='{command}', retries={task.retries}, retry_delay=timedelta(minutes={task.retry_delay_minutes}), execution_timeout=timedelta(minutes={task.timeout_minutes}), ) ''' def _generate_sql_task(self, task: TaskConfig, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate SQL operator task.""" sql = task.params.get('sql', 'SELECT 1') conn_id = config.source.connection_id if config.source else 'default_conn' return f''' {task.task_id} = PostgresOperator( task_id='{task.task_id}', postgres_conn_id='{conn_id}', sql="""{sql}""", retries={task.retries}, retry_delay=timedelta(minutes={task.retry_delay_minutes}), ) ''' def _generate_snowflake_task(self, task: TaskConfig) -> str: """Generate SnowflakeOperator task.""" sql = task.params.get('sql', 'SELECT 1') return f''' {task.task_id} = SnowflakeOperator( task_id='{task.task_id}', snowflake_conn_id='snowflake_default', sql="""{sql}""", retries={task.retries}, retry_delay=timedelta(minutes={task.retry_delay_minutes}), ) ''' def _generate_generic_task(self, task: TaskConfig) -> str: """Generate generic task placeholder.""" return f''' # TODO: Implement {task.operator} for {task.task_id} {task.task_id} = PythonOperator( task_id='{task.task_id}', python_callable=lambda: print("{task.task_id}"), ) ''' def _generate_dependencies(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate task dependencies.""" deps_code = "\n # Task dependencies\n" for task in config.tasks: if task.dependencies: for dep in task.dependencies: deps_code += f" {dep} >> {task.task_id}\n" return deps_code def validate(self, code: str) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Validate generated DAG code.""" issues = [] warnings = [] # Check for common issues if 'default_args' not in code: issues.append("Missing default_args definition") if 'with DAG' not in code: issues.append("Missing DAG context manager") if 'schedule_interval' not in code: warnings.append("No schedule_interval defined, DAG won't run automatically") # Try to parse the code try: compile(code, '', 'exec') except SyntaxError as e: issues.append(f"Syntax error: {e}") return { 'valid': len(issues) == 0, 'issues': issues, 'warnings': warnings } class PrefectGenerator(PipelineGenerator): """Generate Prefect flow code.""" def generate(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate Prefect flow from configuration.""" code = self._generate_header() code += self._generate_tasks(config) code += self._generate_flow(config) return code def _generate_header(self) -> str: """Generate file header.""" return '''""" Auto-generated Prefect Flow Generated by Pipeline Orchestrator """ from prefect import flow, task, get_run_logger from prefect.tasks import task_input_hash from datetime import timedelta import pandas as pd ''' def _generate_tasks(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate Prefect tasks.""" tasks_code = "" for task_config in config.tasks: cache_expiration = task_config.params.get('cache_hours', 1) tasks_code += f''' @task( name="{task_config.task_id}", retries={task_config.retries}, retry_delay_seconds={task_config.retry_delay_minutes * 60}, cache_key_fn=task_input_hash, cache_expiration=timedelta(hours={cache_expiration}), ) def {task_config.task_id}(input_data=None): """Task: {task_config.task_id}""" logger = get_run_logger() logger.info(f"Executing {task_config.task_id}") # Add processing logic here result = input_data return result ''' return tasks_code def _generate_flow(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate Prefect flow.""" flow_code = f''' @flow( name="{config.name}", description="{config.description}", version="1.0.0", ) def {config.name.replace('-', '_')}_flow(): """Main flow orchestrating all tasks.""" logger = get_run_logger() logger.info("Starting flow: {config.name}") ''' # Generate task calls with dependencies task_vars = {} for i, task_config in enumerate(config.tasks): task_name = task_config.task_id var_name = f"result_{i}" task_vars[task_name] = var_name if task_config.dependencies: # Get input from first dependency dep_var = task_vars.get(task_config.dependencies[0], "None") flow_code += f" {var_name} = {task_name}({dep_var})\n" else: flow_code += f" {var_name} = {task_name}()\n" flow_code += ''' logger.info("Flow completed successfully") return True if __name__ == "__main__": ''' + f'{config.name.replace("-", "_")}_flow()' + '\n' return flow_code def validate(self, code: str) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Validate Prefect flow code.""" issues = [] if '@flow' not in code: issues.append("Missing @flow decorator") if '@task' not in code: issues.append("No tasks defined with @task decorator") try: compile(code, '', 'exec') except SyntaxError as e: issues.append(f"Syntax error: {e}") return { 'valid': len(issues) == 0, 'issues': issues, 'warnings': [] } class DagsterGenerator(PipelineGenerator): """Generate Dagster job code.""" def generate(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate Dagster job from configuration.""" code = self._generate_header() code += self._generate_ops(config) code += self._generate_job(config) return code def _generate_header(self) -> str: """Generate file header.""" return '''""" Auto-generated Dagster Job Generated by Pipeline Orchestrator """ from dagster import op, job, In, Out, Output, DynamicOut, graph from dagster import AssetMaterialization, MetadataValue import pandas as pd ''' def _generate_ops(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate Dagster ops.""" ops_code = "" for task_config in config.tasks: has_input = len(task_config.dependencies) > 0 if has_input: ops_code += f''' @op( ins={{"input_data": In()}}, out=Out(), ) def {task_config.task_id}(context, input_data): """Op: {task_config.task_id}""" context.log.info(f"Executing {task_config.task_id}") # Add processing logic here result = input_data # Log asset materialization yield AssetMaterialization( asset_key="{task_config.task_id}", metadata={{ "row_count": MetadataValue.int(len(result) if hasattr(result, '__len__') else 0), }} ) yield Output(result) ''' else: ops_code += f''' @op(out=Out()) def {task_config.task_id}(context): """Op: {task_config.task_id}""" context.log.info(f"Executing {task_config.task_id}") # Add processing logic here result = {{}} yield AssetMaterialization( asset_key="{task_config.task_id}", ) yield Output(result) ''' return ops_code def _generate_job(self, config: PipelineConfig) -> str: """Generate Dagster job.""" job_code = f''' @job( name="{config.name}", description="{config.description}", tags={{ "owner": "{config.owner}", "schedule": "{config.schedule}", }}, ) def {config.name.replace('-', '_')}_job(): """Main job orchestrating all ops.""" ''' # Build dependency graph task_outputs = {} for task_config in config.tasks: task_name = task_config.task_id if task_config.dependencies: dep_output = task_outputs.get(task_config.dependencies[0], None) if dep_output: job_code += f" {task_name}_output = {task_name}({dep_output})\n" else: job_code += f" {task_name}_output = {task_name}()\n" else: job_code += f" {task_name}_output = {task_name}()\n" task_outputs[task_name] = f"{task_name}_output" return job_code def validate(self, code: str) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Validate Dagster job code.""" issues = [] if '@job' not in code: issues.append("Missing @job decorator") if '@op' not in code: issues.append("No ops defined with @op decorator") try: compile(code, '', 'exec') except SyntaxError as e: issues.append(f"Syntax error: {e}") return { 'valid': len(issues) == 0, 'issues': issues, 'warnings': [] } # ============================================================================ # ETL Pattern Templates # ============================================================================ class ETLPatternGenerator: """Generate common ETL patterns.""" @staticmethod def generate_extract_load( source_type: str, destination_type: str, tables: List[str], mode: str = "incremental" ) -> PipelineConfig: """Generate extract-load pipeline configuration.""" tasks = [] # Extract tasks for table in tables: extract_task = TaskConfig( task_id=f"extract_{table}", operator="python_operator", params={ 'callable': f'extract_{table}', 'sql': f'SELECT * FROM {table}' + ( ' WHERE updated_at > {{{{ prev_ds }}}}' if mode == 'incremental' else '' ) } ) tasks.append(extract_task) # Load tasks with dependencies for table in tables: load_task = TaskConfig( task_id=f"load_{table}", operator="python_operator", dependencies=[f"extract_{table}"], params={'callable': f'load_{table}'} ) tasks.append(load_task) # Quality check task quality_task = TaskConfig( task_id="quality_check", operator="python_operator", dependencies=[f"load_{table}" for table in tables], params={'callable': 'run_quality_checks'} ) tasks.append(quality_task) return PipelineConfig( name=f"el_{source_type}_to_{destination_type}", description=f"Extract from {source_type}, load to {destination_type}", schedule="0 5 * * *", # Daily at 5 AM tags=["etl", source_type, destination_type], source=SourceConfig( type=source_type, connection_id=f"{source_type}_default", tables=tables, incremental_strategy="timestamp" if mode == "incremental" else "full" ), destination=DestinationConfig( type=destination_type, connection_id=f"{destination_type}_default", write_mode="append" if mode == "incremental" else "overwrite" ), tasks=tasks ) @staticmethod def generate_transform_pipeline( source_tables: List[str], target_table: str, dbt_models: List[str] ) -> PipelineConfig: """Generate transformation pipeline with dbt.""" tasks = [] # Sensor for source freshness for table in source_tables: sensor_task = TaskConfig( task_id=f"wait_for_{table}", operator="sql_sensor", params={ 'sql': f"SELECT MAX(updated_at) FROM {table} WHERE updated_at > '{{{{ ds }}}}'" } ) tasks.append(sensor_task) # dbt run task dbt_run = TaskConfig( task_id="dbt_run", operator="bash_operator", dependencies=[f"wait_for_{t}" for t in source_tables], params={ 'command': f'cd /opt/dbt && dbt run --select {" ".join(dbt_models)}' }, timeout_minutes=120 ) tasks.append(dbt_run) # dbt test task dbt_test = TaskConfig( task_id="dbt_test", operator="bash_operator", dependencies=["dbt_run"], params={ 'command': f'cd /opt/dbt && dbt test --select {" ".join(dbt_models)}' } ) tasks.append(dbt_test) return PipelineConfig( name=f"transform_{target_table}", description=f"Transform data into {target_table} using dbt", schedule="0 6 * * *", # Daily at 6 AM (after extraction) tags=["transform", "dbt"], tasks=tasks ) # ============================================================================ # CLI Interface # ============================================================================ def main(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( description="Pipeline Orchestrator - Generate and manage data pipeline configurations", formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, epilog=""" Examples: Generate Airflow DAG: python pipeline_orchestrator.py generate --type airflow --source postgres --destination snowflake --tables orders,customers Generate from config file: python pipeline_orchestrator.py generate --config pipeline.yaml --type prefect Validate existing DAG: python pipeline_orchestrator.py validate --dag dags/my_dag.py --type airflow """ ) subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='command', help='Command to run') # Generate command gen_parser = subparsers.add_parser('generate', help='Generate pipeline code') gen_parser.add_argument('--type', '-t', required=True, choices=['airflow', 'prefect', 'dagster'], help='Pipeline framework type') gen_parser.add_argument('--source', '-s', help='Source system type') gen_parser.add_argument('--destination', '-d', help='Destination system type') gen_parser.add_argument('--tables', help='Comma-separated list of tables') gen_parser.add_argument('--config', '-c', help='Configuration YAML file') gen_parser.add_argument('--output', '-o', help='Output file path') gen_parser.add_argument('--name', '-n', help='Pipeline name') gen_parser.add_argument('--schedule', default='0 5 * * *', help='Cron schedule') gen_parser.add_argument('--mode', default='incremental', choices=['incremental', 'full'], help='Load mode') # Validate command val_parser = subparsers.add_parser('validate', help='Validate pipeline code') val_parser.add_argument('--dag', required=True, help='DAG file to validate') val_parser.add_argument('--type', '-t', required=True, choices=['airflow', 'prefect', 'dagster']) # Template command tmpl_parser = subparsers.add_parser('template', help='Generate from template') tmpl_parser.add_argument('--pattern', '-p', required=True, choices=['extract-load', 'transform', 'cdc'], help='ETL pattern to generate') tmpl_parser.add_argument('--type', '-t', required=True, choices=['airflow', 'prefect', 'dagster']) tmpl_parser.add_argument('--source', '-s', required=True) tmpl_parser.add_argument('--destination', '-d', required=True) tmpl_parser.add_argument('--tables', required=True) tmpl_parser.add_argument('--output', '-o', help='Output file path') args = parser.parse_args() if args.command is None: parser.print_help() sys.exit(1) try: if args.command == 'generate': # Load config if provided if args.config: with open(args.config) as f: if HAS_YAML: config_data = yaml.safe_load(f) else: config_data = json.load(f) config = PipelineConfig(**config_data) else: # Build config from arguments tables = args.tables.split(',') if args.tables else [] config = ETLPatternGenerator.generate_extract_load( source_type=args.source or 'postgres', destination_type=args.destination or 'snowflake', tables=tables, mode=args.mode ) if args.name: config.name = args.name config.schedule = args.schedule # Generate code generators = { 'airflow': AirflowGenerator(), 'prefect': PrefectGenerator(), 'dagster': DagsterGenerator() } generator = generators[args.type] code = generator.generate(config) # Validate validation = generator.validate(code) if not validation['valid']: logger.warning(f"Validation issues: {validation['issues']}") # Output if args.output: with open(args.output, 'w') as f: f.write(code) logger.info(f"Generated pipeline saved to {args.output}") else: print(code) elif args.command == 'validate': with open(args.dag) as f: code = f.read() generators = { 'airflow': AirflowGenerator(), 'prefect': PrefectGenerator(), 'dagster': DagsterGenerator() } generator = generators[args.type] result = generator.validate(code) print(json.dumps(result, indent=2)) sys.exit(0 if result['valid'] else 1) elif args.command == 'template': tables = args.tables.split(',') if args.pattern == 'extract-load': config = ETLPatternGenerator.generate_extract_load( source_type=args.source, destination_type=args.destination, tables=tables ) elif args.pattern == 'transform': config = ETLPatternGenerator.generate_transform_pipeline( source_tables=tables, target_table='fct_output', dbt_models=['stg_*', 'fct_*'] ) else: logger.error(f"Pattern {args.pattern} not yet implemented") sys.exit(1) generators = { 'airflow': AirflowGenerator(), 'prefect': PrefectGenerator(), 'dagster': DagsterGenerator() } generator = generators[args.type] code = generator.generate(config) if args.output: with open(args.output, 'w') as f: f.write(code) logger.info(f"Generated {args.pattern} pipeline saved to {args.output}") else: print(code) sys.exit(0) except Exception as e: logger.error(f"Error: {e}") sys.exit(1) if __name__ == '__main__': main()