# Minecraft Redstone Basics Guide

*For Firefrost Gaming community reference*

---

## ⚡ Basic Components

### Power Sources (Signal Sources)

| Item | Strength | Features |
|------|----------|----------|
| Redstone Torch | 15 | Always ON |
| Lever | 15 | ON/OFF toggle |
| Button | 15 | Temporary (wood 1s, stone 0.5s) |
| Pressure Plate | 15 | ON when stepped on |
| Tripwire | 15 | ON when string crossed |
| Daylight Sensor | 0-15 | Changes with day/night |
| Observer | 15 | Detects block changes |

### Transmission (Wires)

| Item | Features |
|------|----------|
| Redstone Dust | Signal decays over 15 blocks |
| Repeater | Resets signal, adds delay |
| Comparator | Compares/subtracts signals |

### Output Devices

| Item | Action |
|------|--------|
| Piston | Pushes blocks |
| Sticky Piston | Pushes & pulls blocks |
| Door | Opens/closes |
| Dispenser | Shoots items |
| Dropper | Drops items |
| Hopper | Transfers items (stops when OFF) |
| Lamp | Lights up |
| TNT | Explodes |

---

## 🔌 Signal Transmission

### Basic Rules

```
Redstone dust loses signal after 15 blocks:
[Power] ─────────────→ [Dies at block 15]
  15   14   13  ...  2    1    0

Extend with repeaters:
[Power] ─── [Repeater] ─── [Repeater] ───→ Infinite!
```

### Signal Direction

```
Dust powers adjacent blocks:
   ↑
← ■ →  (■ = block with dust)
   ↓

Repeaters are one-way only:
→ [>] →  (fixed direction)
```

---

## 🧠 Logic Gates

### NOT (Inverter)
```
Input → [T] → Output
        │
      Block
```
T = Redstone Torch  
Input ON = Torch OFF | Input OFF = Torch ON

### AND (Both ON)
```
Input A ─┐
         ├─ [T] → Output
Input B ─┘
```
Output ON only when **BOTH** inputs are ON

### OR (Either ON)
```
Input A ─┬─→ Output
Input B ─┘
```
Output ON when **EITHER** input is ON

### XOR (Exclusive OR)
- Requires complex circuit
- Output ON only when **ONE** input is ON (not both)

---

## 🔁 Repeaters

### Functions
- ⚡ **Signal Extension:** Resets strength to 15
- ⏱️ **Delay:** 1-4 ticks (0.1-0.4 seconds)
- ➡️ **One-way:** No backflow
- 🔒 **Lock:** Side signal locks it

### Delay Settings
Right-click to cycle:
```
1 tick → 2 tick → 3 tick → 4 tick → 1 tick...
```

---

## ⚖️ Comparators

### Compare Mode (front torch OFF)
- Back ≥ Side → outputs back signal
- Back < Side → no output

### Subtract Mode (front torch ON)
- Back - Side = Output

### Container Reading
```
[Chest] → [Comparator] → Signal (0-15)
```
Signal strength = how full the chest is

---

## ⏰ Clock Circuits

### Repeater Clock
```
[Repeater]→[Repeater]→[Repeater]
      ↑                       │
      └───────────────────────┘
```
Adjust speed with repeater count & delay

### Observer Clock (Fast)
```
[Observer]⇔[Observer]
```
Face toward each other = high-speed clock

### Hopper Clock (Slow)
```
[Hopper]⇔[Hopper]
     ↓
[Comparator]
```
Adjust speed with number of items

---

## 🏗️ Practical Circuits

### Auto Door
```
[Pressure Plate] → [Piston/Door]
```
Opens when stepped on

### Hidden Door (2x2 Piston)
```
      [P][P]
Lever→[P][P]
```

### Item Elevator
```
[Dropper]
    ↑
[Dropper]
    ↑
[Hopper]
```
Clock signal moves items upward

### Auto Furnace
```
[Chest]→[Hopper]→[Furnace]→[Hopper]→[Chest]
  Raw                           Finished
  
           [Hopper]
              ↓
           [Chest]
            Fuel
```

### T Flip-Flop
Press once = ON, press again = OFF
```
        [Dropper]
            ↑↓
        [Dropper]
            │
Button→[Repeater]→[Comparator]→Output
```

---

## 💡 Tips

### Debugging
- ✅ Use redstone lamps to check signals
- ✅ Test sections one at a time

### Delay Math
- 1 tick = 0.1 seconds
- Repeater minimum = 1 tick
- Piston extend + retract = 3 ticks total

### Signal Strength
- Check dust brightness (brighter = stronger)
- Use comparator to get exact value

---

## 📖 Glossary

| Term | Meaning |
|------|---------|
| tick | Unit of game time (0.05 sec) |
| BUD | Block Update Detector |
| 0-tick | Instantaneous signal pulse |
| QC | Quasi-Connectivity (bug/feature) |

---

*Guide from Firefrost Gaming* 🔥❄️
