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---
name: mobile-design
description: Mobile-first design thinking and decision-making for iOS and Android apps. Touch interaction, performance patterns, platform conventions. Teaches principles, not fixed values. Use when building React Native, Flutter, or native mobile apps.
description: Mobile-first design and engineering doctrine for iOS and Android apps. Covers touch interaction, performance, platform conventions, offline behavior, and mobile-specific decision-making. Teaches principles and constraints, not fixed layouts. Use for React Native, Flutter, or native mobile apps.
allowed-tools: Read, Glob, Grep, Bash
---
# Mobile Design System
**(Mobile-First · Touch-First · Platform-Respectful)**
> **Philosophy:** Touch-first. Battery-conscious. Platform-respectful. Offline-capable.
> **Core Principle:** Mobile is NOT a small desktop. THINK mobile constraints, ASK platform choice.
> **Core Law:** Mobile is NOT a small desktop.
> **Operating Rule:** Think constraints first, aesthetics second.
This skill exists to **prevent desktop-thinking, AI-defaults, and unsafe assumptions** when designing or building mobile applications.
---
## 🔧 Runtime Scripts
## 1. Mobile Feasibility & Risk Index (MFRI)
**Execute these for validation (don't read, just run):**
Before designing or implementing **any mobile feature or screen**, assess feasibility.
| Script | Purpose | Usage |
|--------|---------|-------|
| `scripts/mobile_audit.py` | Mobile UX & Touch Audit | `python scripts/mobile_audit.py <project_path>` |
### MFRI Dimensions (1–5)
| Dimension | Question |
| -------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Platform Clarity** | Is the target platform (iOS / Android / both) explicitly defined? |
| **Interaction Complexity** | How complex are gestures, flows, or navigation? |
| **Performance Risk** | Does this involve lists, animations, heavy state, or media? |
| **Offline Dependence** | Does the feature break or degrade without network? |
| **Accessibility Risk** | Does this impact motor, visual, or cognitive accessibility? |
### Score Formula
```
MFRI = (Platform Clarity + Accessibility Readiness)
− (Interaction Complexity + Performance Risk + Offline Dependence)
```
**Range:** `-10 → +10`
### Interpretation
| MFRI | Meaning | Required Action |
| -------- | --------- | ------------------------------------- |
| **6–10** | Safe | Proceed normally |
| **3–5** | Moderate | Add performance + UX validation |
| **0–2** | Risky | Simplify interactions or architecture |
| **< 0** | Dangerous | Redesign before implementation |
---
## 🔴 MANDATORY: Read Reference Files Before Working!
## 2. Mandatory Thinking Before Any Work
**⛔ DO NOT start development until you read the relevant files:**
### ⛔ STOP: Ask Before Assuming (Required)
### Universal (Always Read)
If **any of the following are not explicitly stated**, you MUST ask before proceeding:
| File | Content | Status |
|------|---------|--------|
| **[mobile-design-thinking.md](mobile-design-thinking.md)** | **⚠️ ANTI-MEMORIZATION: Forces thinking, prevents AI defaults** | **⬜ CRITICAL FIRST** |
| **[touch-psychology.md](touch-psychology.md)** | **Fitts' Law, gestures, haptics, thumb zone** | **⬜ CRITICAL** |
| **[mobile-performance.md](mobile-performance.md)** | **RN/Flutter performance, 60fps, memory** | **⬜ CRITICAL** |
| **[mobile-backend.md](mobile-backend.md)** | **Push notifications, offline sync, mobile API** | **⬜ CRITICAL** |
| **[mobile-testing.md](mobile-testing.md)** | **Testing pyramid, E2E, platform-specific** | **⬜ CRITICAL** |
| **[mobile-debugging.md](mobile-debugging.md)** | **Native vs JS debugging, Flipper, Logcat** | **⬜ CRITICAL** |
| [mobile-navigation.md](mobile-navigation.md) | Tab/Stack/Drawer, deep linking | ⬜ Read |
| [mobile-typography.md](mobile-typography.md) | System fonts, Dynamic Type, a11y | ⬜ Read |
| [mobile-color-system.md](mobile-color-system.md) | OLED, dark mode, battery-aware | ⬜ Read |
| [decision-trees.md](decision-trees.md) | Framework/state/storage selection | ⬜ Read |
| Aspect | Question | Why |
| ---------- | ------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------- |
| Platform | iOS, Android, or both? | Affects navigation, gestures, typography |
| Framework | React Native, Flutter, or native? | Determines performance and patterns |
| Navigation | Tabs, stack, drawer? | Core UX architecture |
| Offline | Must it work offline? | Data & sync strategy |
| Devices | Phone only or tablet too? | Layout & density rules |
| Audience | Consumer, enterprise, accessibility needs? | Touch & readability |
> 🧠 **mobile-design-thinking.md is PRIORITY!** This file ensures AI thinks instead of using memorized patterns.
### Platform-Specific (Read Based on Target)
| Platform | File | Content | When to Read |
|----------|------|---------|--------------|
| **iOS** | [platform-ios.md](platform-ios.md) | Human Interface Guidelines, SF Pro, SwiftUI patterns | Building for iPhone/iPad |
| **Android** | [platform-android.md](platform-android.md) | Material Design 3, Roboto, Compose patterns | Building for Android |
| **Cross-Platform** | Both above | Platform divergence points | React Native / Flutter |
> 🔴 **If building for iOS → Read platform-ios.md FIRST!**
> 🔴 **If building for Android → Read platform-android.md FIRST!**
> 🔴 **If cross-platform → Read BOTH and apply conditional platform logic!**
🚫 **Never default to your favorite stack or pattern.**
---
## ⚠️ CRITICAL: ASK BEFORE ASSUMING (MANDATORY)
## 3. Mandatory Reference Reading (Enforced)
> **STOP! If the user's request is open-ended, DO NOT default to your favorites.**
### Universal (Always Read First)
### You MUST Ask If Not Specified:
| File | Purpose | Status |
| ----------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ----------------- |
| **mobile-design-thinking.md** | Anti-memorization, context-forcing | 🔴 REQUIRED FIRST |
| **touch-psychology.md** | Fitts’ Law, thumb zones, gestures | 🔴 REQUIRED |
| **mobile-performance.md** | 60fps, memory, battery | 🔴 REQUIRED |
| **mobile-backend.md** | Offline sync, push, APIs | 🔴 REQUIRED |
| **mobile-testing.md** | Device & E2E testing | 🔴 REQUIRED |
| **mobile-debugging.md** | Native vs JS debugging | 🔴 REQUIRED |
| Aspect | Ask | Why |
|--------|-----|-----|
| **Platform** | "iOS, Android, or both?" | Affects EVERY design decision |
| **Framework** | "React Native, Flutter, or native?" | Determines patterns and tools |
| **Navigation** | "Tab bar, drawer, or stack-based?" | Core UX decision |
| **State** | "What state management? (Zustand/Redux/Riverpod/BLoC?)" | Architecture foundation |
| **Offline** | "Does this need to work offline?" | Affects data strategy |
| **Target devices** | "Phone only, or tablet support?" | Layout complexity |
### Platform-Specific (Conditional)
### ⛔ AI MOBILE ANTI-PATTERNS (YASAK LİSTESİ)
| Platform | File |
| -------------- | ------------------- |
| iOS | platform-ios.md |
| Android | platform-android.md |
| Cross-platform | BOTH above |
> 🚫 **These are AI default tendencies that MUST be avoided!**
#### Performance Sins
| ❌ NEVER DO | Why It's Wrong | ✅ ALWAYS DO |
|-------------|----------------|--------------|
| **ScrollView for long lists** | Renders ALL items, memory explodes | Use `FlatList` / `FlashList` / `ListView.builder` |
| **Inline renderItem function** | New function every render, all items re-render | `useCallback` + `React.memo` |
| **Missing keyExtractor** | Index-based keys cause bugs on reorder | Unique, stable ID from data |
| **Skip getItemLayout** | Async layout = janky scroll | Provide when items have fixed height |
| **setState() everywhere** | Unnecessary widget rebuilds | Targeted state, `const` constructors |
| **Native driver: false** | Animations blocked by JS thread | `useNativeDriver: true` always |
| **console.log in production** | Blocks JS thread severely | Remove before release build |
| **Skip React.memo/const** | Every item re-renders on any change | Memoize list items ALWAYS |
#### Touch/UX Sins
| ❌ NEVER DO | Why It's Wrong | ✅ ALWAYS DO |
|-------------|----------------|--------------|
| **Touch target < 44px** | Impossible to tap accurately, frustrating | Minimum 44pt (iOS) / 48dp (Android) |
| **Spacing < 8px between targets** | Accidental taps on neighbors | Minimum 8-12px gap |
| **Gesture-only interactions** | Motor impaired users excluded | Always provide button alternative |
| **No loading state** | User thinks app crashed | ALWAYS show loading feedback |
| **No error state** | User stuck, no recovery path | Show error with retry option |
| **No offline handling** | Crash/block when network lost | Graceful degradation, cached data |
| **Ignore platform conventions** | Users confused, muscle memory broken | iOS feels iOS, Android feels Android |
#### Security Sins
| ❌ NEVER DO | Why It's Wrong | ✅ ALWAYS DO |
|-------------|----------------|--------------|
| **Token in AsyncStorage** | Easily accessible, stolen on rooted device | `SecureStore` / `Keychain` / `EncryptedSharedPreferences` |
| **Hardcode API keys** | Reverse engineered from APK/IPA | Environment variables, secure storage |
| **Skip SSL pinning** | MITM attacks possible | Pin certificates in production |
| **Log sensitive data** | Logs can be extracted | Never log tokens, passwords, PII |
#### Architecture Sins
| ❌ NEVER DO | Why It's Wrong | ✅ ALWAYS DO |
|-------------|----------------|--------------|
| **Business logic in UI** | Untestable, unmaintainable | Service layer separation |
| **Global state for everything** | Unnecessary re-renders, complexity | Local state default, lift when needed |
| **Deep linking as afterthought** | Notifications, shares broken | Plan deep links from day one |
| **Skip dispose/cleanup** | Memory leaks, zombie listeners | Clean up subscriptions, timers |
> ❌ If you haven’t read the platform file, you are not allowed to design UI.
---
## 📱 Platform Decision Matrix
## 4. AI Mobile Anti-Patterns (Hard Bans)
### When to Unify vs Diverge
### 🚫 Performance Sins (Non-Negotiable)
```
UNIFY (same on both) DIVERGE (platform-specific)
─────────────────── ──────────────────────────
Business Logic ✅ Always -
Data Layer ✅ Always -
Core Features ✅ Always -
Navigation - ✅ iOS: edge swipe, Android: back button
Gestures - ✅ Platform-native feel
Icons - ✅ SF Symbols vs Material Icons
Date Pickers - ✅ Native pickers feel right
Modals/Sheets - ✅ iOS: bottom sheet vs Android: dialog
Typography - ✅ SF Pro vs Roboto (or custom)
Error Dialogs - ✅ Platform conventions for alerts
```
### Quick Reference: Platform Defaults
| Element | iOS | Android |
|---------|-----|---------|
| **Primary Font** | SF Pro / SF Compact | Roboto |
| **Min Touch Target** | 44pt × 44pt | 48dp × 48dp |
| **Back Navigation** | Edge swipe left | System back button/gesture |
| **Bottom Tab Icons** | SF Symbols | Material Symbols |
| **Action Sheet** | UIActionSheet from bottom | Bottom Sheet / Dialog |
| **Progress** | Spinner | Linear progress (Material) |
| **Pull to Refresh** | Native UIRefreshControl | SwipeRefreshLayout |
| ❌ Never | Why | ✅ Always |
| ------------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| ScrollView for long lists | Memory explosion | FlatList / FlashList / ListView.builder |
| Inline renderItem | Re-renders all rows | useCallback + memo |
| Index as key | Reorder bugs | Stable ID |
| JS-thread animations | Jank | Native driver / GPU |
| console.log in prod | JS thread block | Strip logs |
| No memoization | Battery + perf drain | React.memo / const widgets |
---
## 🧠 Mobile UX Psychology (Quick Reference)
### 🚫 Touch & UX Sins
### Fitts' Law for Touch
```
Desktop: Cursor is precise (1px)
Mobile: Finger is imprecise (~7mm contact area)
→ Touch targets MUST be 44-48px minimum
→ Important actions in THUMB ZONE (bottom of screen)
→ Destructive actions AWAY from easy reach
```
### Thumb Zone (One-Handed Usage)
```
┌─────────────────────────────┐
│ HARD TO REACH │ ← Navigation, menu, back
│ (stretch) │
├─────────────────────────────┤
│ OK TO REACH │ ← Secondary actions
│ (natural) │
├─────────────────────────────┤
│ EASY TO REACH │ ← PRIMARY CTAs, tab bar
│ (thumb's natural arc) │ ← Main content interaction
└─────────────────────────────┘
[ HOME ]
```
### Mobile-Specific Cognitive Load
| Desktop | Mobile Difference |
|---------|-------------------|
| Multiple windows | ONE task at a time |
| Keyboard shortcuts | Touch gestures |
| Hover states | NO hover (tap or nothing) |
| Large viewport | Limited space, scroll vertical |
| Stable attention | Interrupted constantly |
For deep dive: [touch-psychology.md](touch-psychology.md)
| ❌ Never | Why | ✅ Always |
| --------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------- |
| Touch <44–48px | Miss taps | Min touch target |
| Gesture-only action | Excludes users | Button fallback |
| No loading state | Feels broken | Explicit feedback |
| No error recovery | Dead end | Retry + message |
| Ignore platform norms | Muscle memory broken | iOS ≠ Android |
---
## ⚡ Performance Principles (Quick Reference)
### 🚫 Security Sins
### React Native Critical Rules
| ❌ Never | Why | ✅ Always |
| ---------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------------- |
| Tokens in AsyncStorage | Easily stolen | SecureStore / Keychain |
| Hardcoded secrets | Reverse engineered | Env + secure storage |
| No SSL pinning | MITM risk | Cert pinning |
| Log sensitive data | PII leakage | Never log secrets |
```typescript
// ✅ CORRECT: Memoized renderItem + React.memo wrapper
const ListItem = React.memo(({ item }: { item: Item }) => (
<View style={styles.item}>
<Text>{item.title}</Text>
</View>
---
## 5. Platform Unification vs Divergence Matrix
```
UNIFY DIVERGE
────────────────────────── ─────────────────────────
Business logic Navigation behavior
Data models Gestures
API contracts Icons
Validation Typography
Error semantics Pickers / dialogs
```
### Platform Defaults
| Element | iOS | Android |
| --------- | ------------ | -------------- |
| Font | SF Pro | Roboto |
| Min touch | 44pt | 48dp |
| Back | Edge swipe | System back |
| Sheets | Bottom sheet | Dialog / sheet |
| Icons | SF Symbols | Material Icons |
---
## 6. Mobile UX Psychology (Non-Optional)
### Fitts’ Law (Touch Reality)
* Finger ≠ cursor
* Accuracy is low
* Reach matters more than precision
**Rules:**
* Primary CTAs live in **thumb zone**
* Destructive actions pushed away
* No hover assumptions
---
## 7. Performance Doctrine
### React Native (Required Pattern)
```ts
const Row = React.memo(({ item }) => (
<View><Text>{item.title}</Text></View>
));
const renderItem = useCallback(
({ item }: { item: Item }) => <ListItem item={item} />,
({ item }) => <Row item={item} />,
[]
);
// ✅ CORRECT: FlatList with all optimizations
<FlatList
data={items}
renderItem={renderItem}
keyExtractor={(item) => item.id} // Stable ID, NOT index
getItemLayout={(data, index) => ({
keyExtractor={(i) => i.id}
getItemLayout={(_, i) => ({
length: ITEM_HEIGHT,
offset: ITEM_HEIGHT * index,
index,
offset: ITEM_HEIGHT * i,
index: i,
})}
removeClippedSubviews={true}
maxToRenderPerBatch={10}
windowSize={5}
/>
```
### Flutter Critical Rules
### Flutter (Required Pattern)
```dart
// ✅ CORRECT: const constructors prevent rebuilds
class MyWidget extends StatelessWidget {
const MyWidget({super.key}); // CONST!
class Item extends StatelessWidget {
const Item({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return const Column( // CONST!
children: [
Text('Static content'),
MyConstantWidget(),
],
);
return const Text('Static');
}
}
// ✅ CORRECT: Targeted state with ValueListenableBuilder
ValueListenableBuilder<int>(
valueListenable: counter,
builder: (context, value, child) => Text('$value'),
child: const ExpensiveWidget(), // Won't rebuild!
)
```
### Animation Performance
```
GPU-accelerated (FAST): CPU-bound (SLOW):
├── transform ├── width, height
├── opacity ├── top, left, right, bottom
└── (use these ONLY) ├── margin, padding
└── (AVOID animating these)
```
For complete guide: [mobile-performance.md](mobile-performance.md)
* `const` everywhere possible
* Targeted rebuilds only
---
## 📝 CHECKPOINT (MANDATORY Before Any Mobile Work)
## 8. Mandatory Mobile Checkpoint
> **Before writing ANY mobile code, you MUST complete this checkpoint:**
Before writing **any code**, you must complete this:
```
🧠 CHECKPOINT:
🧠 MOBILE CHECKPOINT
Platform: [ iOS / Android / Both ]
Framework: [ React Native / Flutter / SwiftUI / Kotlin ]
Files Read: [ List the skill files you've read ]
Platform: ___________
Framework: ___________
Files Read: ___________
3 Principles I Will Apply:
1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________
1.
2.
3.
Anti-Patterns I Will Avoid:
1. _______________
2. _______________
1.
2.
```
**Example:**
```
🧠 CHECKPOINT:
Platform: iOS + Android (Cross-platform)
Framework: React Native + Expo
Files Read: touch-psychology.md, mobile-performance.md, platform-ios.md, platform-android.md
3 Principles I Will Apply:
1. FlatList with React.memo + useCallback for all lists
2. 48px touch targets, thumb zone for primary CTAs
3. Platform-specific navigation (edge swipe iOS, back button Android)
Anti-Patterns I Will Avoid:
1. ScrollView for lists → FlatList
2. Inline renderItem → Memoized
3. AsyncStorage for tokens → SecureStore
```
> 🔴 **Can't fill the checkpoint? → GO BACK AND READ THE SKILL FILES.**
❌ Cannot complete → go back and read.
---
## 🔧 Framework Decision Tree
## 9. Framework Decision Tree (Canonical)
```
WHAT ARE YOU BUILDING?
│
├── Need OTA updates + rapid iteration + web team
│ └── ✅ React Native + Expo
│
├── Need pixel-perfect custom UI + performance critical
│ └── ✅ Flutter
│
├── Deep native features + single platform focus
│ ├── iOS only → SwiftUI
│ └── Android only → Kotlin + Jetpack Compose
│
├── Existing RN codebase + new features
│ └── ✅ React Native (bare workflow)
│
└── Enterprise + existing Flutter codebase
└── ✅ Flutter
Need OTA + web team → React Native + Expo
High-perf UI → Flutter
iOS only → SwiftUI
Android only → Compose
```
For complete decision trees: [decision-trees.md](decision-trees.md)
No debate without justification.
---
## 📋 Pre-Development Checklist
## 10. Release Readiness Checklist
### Before Starting ANY Mobile Project
### Before Shipping
- [ ] **Platform confirmed?** (iOS / Android / Both)
- [ ] **Framework chosen?** (RN / Flutter / Native)
- [ ] **Navigation pattern decided?** (Tabs / Stack / Drawer)
- [ ] **State management selected?** (Zustand / Redux / Riverpod / BLoC)
- [ ] **Offline requirements known?**
- [ ] **Deep linking planned from day one?**
- [ ] **Target devices defined?** (Phone / Tablet / Both)
### Before Every Screen
- [ ] **Touch targets ≥ 44-48px?**
- [ ] **Primary CTA in thumb zone?**
- [ ] **Loading state exists?**
- [ ] **Error state with retry exists?**
- [ ] **Offline handling considered?**
- [ ] **Platform conventions followed?**
### Before Release
- [ ] **console.log removed?**
- [ ] **SecureStore for sensitive data?**
- [ ] **SSL pinning enabled?**
- [ ] **Lists optimized (memo, keyExtractor)?**
- [ ] **Memory cleanup on unmount?**
- [ ] **Tested on low-end devices?**
- [ ] **Accessibility labels on all interactive elements?**
* [ ] Touch targets ≥ 44–48px
* [ ] Offline handled
* [ ] Secure storage used
* [ ] Lists optimized
* [ ] Logs stripped
* [ ] Tested on low-end devices
* [ ] Accessibility labels present
* [ ] MFRI ≥ 3
---
## 📚 Reference Files
## 11. Related Skills
For deeper guidance on specific areas:
| File | When to Use |
|------|-------------|
| [mobile-design-thinking.md](mobile-design-thinking.md) | **FIRST! Anti-memorization, forces context-based thinking** |
| [touch-psychology.md](touch-psychology.md) | Understanding touch interaction, Fitts' Law, gesture design |
| [mobile-performance.md](mobile-performance.md) | Optimizing RN/Flutter, 60fps, memory/battery |
| [platform-ios.md](platform-ios.md) | iOS-specific design, HIG compliance |
| [platform-android.md](platform-android.md) | Android-specific design, Material Design 3 |
| [mobile-navigation.md](mobile-navigation.md) | Navigation patterns, deep linking |
| [mobile-typography.md](mobile-typography.md) | Type scale, system fonts, accessibility |
| [mobile-color-system.md](mobile-color-system.md) | OLED optimization, dark mode, battery |
| [decision-trees.md](decision-trees.md) | Framework, state, storage decisions |
* **frontend-design** – Visual systems & components
* **frontend-dev-guidelines** – RN/TS architecture
* **backend-dev-guidelines** – Mobile-safe APIs
* **error-tracking** – Crash & performance telemetry
---
> **Remember:** Mobile users are impatient, interrupted, and using imprecise fingers on small screens. Design for the WORST conditions: bad network, one hand, bright sun, low battery. If it works there, it works everywhere.
> **Final Law:**
> Mobile users are distracted, interrupted, and impatient—often using one hand on a bad network with low battery.
> **Design for that reality, or your app will fail quietly.**
---