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37 lines
902 B
Markdown
37 lines
902 B
Markdown
# Query Optimization
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> N+1 problem, EXPLAIN ANALYZE, optimization priorities.
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## N+1 Problem
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```
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What is N+1?
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├── 1 query to get parent records
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├── N queries to get related records
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└── Very slow!
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Solutions:
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├── JOIN → Single query with all data
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├── Eager loading → ORM handles JOIN
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├── DataLoader → Batch and cache (GraphQL)
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└── Subquery → Fetch related in one query
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```
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## Query Analysis Mindset
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```
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Before optimizing:
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├── EXPLAIN ANALYZE the query
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├── Look for Seq Scan (full table scan)
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├── Check actual vs estimated rows
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└── Identify missing indexes
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```
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## Optimization Priorities
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1. **Add missing indexes** (most common issue)
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2. **Select only needed columns** (not SELECT *)
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3. **Use proper JOINs** (avoid subqueries when possible)
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4. **Limit early** (pagination at database level)
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5. **Cache** (when appropriate)
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