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antigravity-skills-reference/skills/claude-d3js-skill/references/d3-patterns.md

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# D3.js Visualisation Patterns
This reference provides detailed code patterns for common d3.js visualisation types.
## Hierarchical visualisations
### Tree diagram
```javascript
useEffect(() => {
if (!data) return;
const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
const width = 800;
const height = 600;
const tree = d3.tree().size([height - 100, width - 200]);
const root = d3.hierarchy(data);
tree(root);
const g = svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(100,50)");
// Links
g.selectAll("path")
.data(root.links())
.join("path")
.attr("d", d3.linkHorizontal()
.x(d => d.y)
.y(d => d.x))
.attr("fill", "none")
.attr("stroke", "#555")
.attr("stroke-width", 2);
// Nodes
const node = g.selectAll("g")
.data(root.descendants())
.join("g")
.attr("transform", d => `translate(${d.y},${d.x})`);
node.append("circle")
.attr("r", 6)
.attr("fill", d => d.children ? "#555" : "#999");
node.append("text")
.attr("dy", "0.31em")
.attr("x", d => d.children ? -8 : 8)
.attr("text-anchor", d => d.children ? "end" : "start")
.text(d => d.data.name)
.style("font-size", "12px");
}, [data]);
```
### Treemap
```javascript
useEffect(() => {
if (!data) return;
const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
const width = 800;
const height = 600;
const root = d3.hierarchy(data)
.sum(d => d.value)
.sort((a, b) => b.value - a.value);
d3.treemap()
.size([width, height])
.padding(2)
.round(true)(root);
const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10);
const cell = svg.selectAll("g")
.data(root.leaves())
.join("g")
.attr("transform", d => `translate(${d.x0},${d.y0})`);
cell.append("rect")
.attr("width", d => d.x1 - d.x0)
.attr("height", d => d.y1 - d.y0)
.attr("fill", d => colourScale(d.parent.data.name))
.attr("stroke", "white")
.attr("stroke-width", 2);
cell.append("text")
.attr("x", 4)
.attr("y", 16)
.text(d => d.data.name)
.style("font-size", "12px")
.style("fill", "white");
}, [data]);
```
### Sunburst diagram
```javascript
useEffect(() => {
if (!data) return;
const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
const width = 600;
const height = 600;
const radius = Math.min(width, height) / 2;
const root = d3.hierarchy(data)
.sum(d => d.value)
.sort((a, b) => b.value - a.value);
const partition = d3.partition()
.size([2 * Math.PI, radius]);
partition(root);
const arc = d3.arc()
.startAngle(d => d.x0)
.endAngle(d => d.x1)
.innerRadius(d => d.y0)
.outerRadius(d => d.y1);
const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10);
const g = svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(${width / 2},${height / 2})`);
g.selectAll("path")
.data(root.descendants())
.join("path")
.attr("d", arc)
.attr("fill", d => colourScale(d.depth))
.attr("stroke", "white")
.attr("stroke-width", 1);
}, [data]);
```
### Chord diagram
```javascript
function drawChordDiagram(data) {
// data format: array of objects with source, target, and value
// Example: [{ source: 'A', target: 'B', value: 10 }, ...]
if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
const svg = d3.select('#chart');
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
const width = 600;
const height = 600;
const innerRadius = Math.min(width, height) * 0.3;
const outerRadius = innerRadius + 30;
// Create matrix from data
const nodes = Array.from(new Set(data.flatMap(d => [d.source, d.target])));
const matrix = Array.from({ length: nodes.length }, () => Array(nodes.length).fill(0));
data.forEach(d => {
const i = nodes.indexOf(d.source);
const j = nodes.indexOf(d.target);
matrix[i][j] += d.value;
matrix[j][i] += d.value;
});
// Create chord layout
const chord = d3.chord()
.padAngle(0.05)
.sortSubgroups(d3.descending);
const arc = d3.arc()
.innerRadius(innerRadius)
.outerRadius(outerRadius);
const ribbon = d3.ribbon()
.source(d => d.source)
.target(d => d.target);
const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10)
.domain(nodes);
const g = svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(${width / 2},${height / 2})`);
const chords = chord(matrix);
// Draw ribbons
g.append("g")
.attr("fill-opacity", 0.67)
.selectAll("path")
.data(chords)
.join("path")
.attr("d", ribbon)
.attr("fill", d => colourScale(nodes[d.source.index]))
.attr("stroke", d => d3.rgb(colourScale(nodes[d.source.index])).darker());
// Draw groups (arcs)
const group = g.append("g")
.selectAll("g")
.data(chords.groups)
.join("g");
group.append("path")
.attr("d", arc)
.attr("fill", d => colourScale(nodes[d.index]))
.attr("stroke", d => d3.rgb(colourScale(nodes[d.index])).darker());
// Add labels
group.append("text")
.each(d => { d.angle = (d.startAngle + d.endAngle) / 2; })
.attr("dy", "0.31em")
.attr("transform", d => `rotate(${(d.angle * 180 / Math.PI) - 90})translate(${outerRadius + 30})${d.angle > Math.PI ? "rotate(180)" : ""}`)
.attr("text-anchor", d => d.angle > Math.PI ? "end" : null)
.text((d, i) => nodes[i])
.style("font-size", "12px");
}
// Data format example:
// const data = [
// { source: 'Category A', target: 'Category B', value: 100 },
// { source: 'Category A', target: 'Category C', value: 50 },
// { source: 'Category B', target: 'Category C', value: 75 }
// ];
// drawChordDiagram(data);
```
## Advanced chart types
### Heatmap
```javascript
function drawHeatmap(data) {
// data format: array of objects with row, column, and value
// Example: [{ row: 'A', column: 'X', value: 10 }, ...]
if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
const svg = d3.select('#chart');
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
const width = 800;
const height = 600;
const margin = { top: 100, right: 30, bottom: 30, left: 100 };
const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
// Get unique rows and columns
const rows = Array.from(new Set(data.map(d => d.row)));
const columns = Array.from(new Set(data.map(d => d.column)));
const g = svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
// Create scales
const xScale = d3.scaleBand()
.domain(columns)
.range([0, innerWidth])
.padding(0.01);
const yScale = d3.scaleBand()
.domain(rows)
.range([0, innerHeight])
.padding(0.01);
// Colour scale for values (sequential from light to dark red)
const colourScale = d3.scaleSequential(d3.interpolateYlOrRd)
.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value)]);
// Draw rectangles
g.selectAll("rect")
.data(data)
.join("rect")
.attr("x", d => xScale(d.column))
.attr("y", d => yScale(d.row))
.attr("width", xScale.bandwidth())
.attr("height", yScale.bandwidth())
.attr("fill", d => colourScale(d.value));
// Add x-axis labels
svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`)
.selectAll("text")
.data(columns)
.join("text")
.attr("x", d => xScale(d) + xScale.bandwidth() / 2)
.attr("y", -10)
.attr("text-anchor", "middle")
.text(d => d)
.style("font-size", "12px");
// Add y-axis labels
svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`)
.selectAll("text")
.data(rows)
.join("text")
.attr("x", -10)
.attr("y", d => yScale(d) + yScale.bandwidth() / 2)
.attr("dy", "0.35em")
.attr("text-anchor", "end")
.text(d => d)
.style("font-size", "12px");
// Add colour legend
const legendWidth = 20;
const legendHeight = 200;
const legend = svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(${width - 60},${margin.top})`);
const legendScale = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain(colourScale.domain())
.range([legendHeight, 0]);
const legendAxis = d3.axisRight(legendScale).ticks(5);
// Draw colour gradient in legend
for (let i = 0; i < legendHeight; i++) {
legend.append("rect")
.attr("y", i)
.attr("width", legendWidth)
.attr("height", 1)
.attr("fill", colourScale(legendScale.invert(i)));
}
legend.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(${legendWidth},0)`)
.call(legendAxis);
}
// Data format example:
// const data = [
// { row: 'Monday', column: 'Morning', value: 42 },
// { row: 'Monday', column: 'Afternoon', value: 78 },
// { row: 'Tuesday', column: 'Morning', value: 65 },
// { row: 'Tuesday', column: 'Afternoon', value: 55 }
// ];
// drawHeatmap(data);
```
### Area chart with gradient
```javascript
useEffect(() => {
if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
const width = 800;
const height = 400;
const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 40, left: 50 };
const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
// Define gradient
const defs = svg.append("defs");
const gradient = defs.append("linearGradient")
.attr("id", "areaGradient")
.attr("x1", "0%")
.attr("x2", "0%")
.attr("y1", "0%")
.attr("y2", "100%");
gradient.append("stop")
.attr("offset", "0%")
.attr("stop-color", "steelblue")
.attr("stop-opacity", 0.8);
gradient.append("stop")
.attr("offset", "100%")
.attr("stop-color", "steelblue")
.attr("stop-opacity", 0.1);
const g = svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
const xScale = d3.scaleTime()
.domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.date))
.range([0, innerWidth]);
const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value)])
.range([innerHeight, 0]);
const area = d3.area()
.x(d => xScale(d.date))
.y0(innerHeight)
.y1(d => yScale(d.value))
.curve(d3.curveMonotoneX);
g.append("path")
.datum(data)
.attr("fill", "url(#areaGradient)")
.attr("d", area);
const line = d3.line()
.x(d => xScale(d.date))
.y(d => yScale(d.value))
.curve(d3.curveMonotoneX);
g.append("path")
.datum(data)
.attr("fill", "none")
.attr("stroke", "steelblue")
.attr("stroke-width", 2)
.attr("d", line);
g.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(0,${innerHeight})`)
.call(d3.axisBottom(xScale));
g.append("g")
.call(d3.axisLeft(yScale));
}, [data]);
```
### Stacked bar chart
```javascript
useEffect(() => {
if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
const width = 800;
const height = 400;
const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 40, left: 50 };
const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
const g = svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
const categories = Object.keys(data[0]).filter(k => k !== 'group');
const stackedData = d3.stack().keys(categories)(data);
const xScale = d3.scaleBand()
.domain(data.map(d => d.group))
.range([0, innerWidth])
.padding(0.1);
const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(stackedData[stackedData.length - 1], d => d[1])])
.range([innerHeight, 0]);
const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10);
g.selectAll("g")
.data(stackedData)
.join("g")
.attr("fill", (d, i) => colourScale(i))
.selectAll("rect")
.data(d => d)
.join("rect")
.attr("x", d => xScale(d.data.group))
.attr("y", d => yScale(d[1]))
.attr("height", d => yScale(d[0]) - yScale(d[1]))
.attr("width", xScale.bandwidth());
g.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(0,${innerHeight})`)
.call(d3.axisBottom(xScale));
g.append("g")
.call(d3.axisLeft(yScale));
}, [data]);
```
### Grouped bar chart
```javascript
useEffect(() => {
if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
const width = 800;
const height = 400;
const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 40, left: 50 };
const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
const g = svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
const categories = Object.keys(data[0]).filter(k => k !== 'group');
const x0Scale = d3.scaleBand()
.domain(data.map(d => d.group))
.range([0, innerWidth])
.padding(0.1);
const x1Scale = d3.scaleBand()
.domain(categories)
.range([0, x0Scale.bandwidth()])
.padding(0.05);
const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => Math.max(...categories.map(c => d[c])))])
.range([innerHeight, 0]);
const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10);
const group = g.selectAll("g")
.data(data)
.join("g")
.attr("transform", d => `translate(${x0Scale(d.group)},0)`);
group.selectAll("rect")
.data(d => categories.map(key => ({ key, value: d[key] })))
.join("rect")
.attr("x", d => x1Scale(d.key))
.attr("y", d => yScale(d.value))
.attr("width", x1Scale.bandwidth())
.attr("height", d => innerHeight - yScale(d.value))
.attr("fill", d => colourScale(d.key));
g.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(0,${innerHeight})`)
.call(d3.axisBottom(x0Scale));
g.append("g")
.call(d3.axisLeft(yScale));
}, [data]);
```
### Bubble chart
```javascript
useEffect(() => {
if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
const width = 800;
const height = 600;
const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 40, left: 50 };
const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
const g = svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
const xScale = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.x)])
.range([0, innerWidth]);
const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.y)])
.range([innerHeight, 0]);
const sizeScale = d3.scaleSqrt()
.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.size)])
.range([0, 50]);
const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10);
g.selectAll("circle")
.data(data)
.join("circle")
.attr("cx", d => xScale(d.x))
.attr("cy", d => yScale(d.y))
.attr("r", d => sizeScale(d.size))
.attr("fill", d => colourScale(d.category))
.attr("opacity", 0.6)
.attr("stroke", "white")
.attr("stroke-width", 2);
g.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(0,${innerHeight})`)
.call(d3.axisBottom(xScale));
g.append("g")
.call(d3.axisLeft(yScale));
}, [data]);
```
## Geographic visualisations
### Basic map with points
```javascript
useEffect(() => {
if (!geoData || !pointData) return;
const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
const width = 800;
const height = 600;
const projection = d3.geoMercator()
.fitSize([width, height], geoData);
const pathGenerator = d3.geoPath().projection(projection);
// Draw map
svg.selectAll("path")
.data(geoData.features)
.join("path")
.attr("d", pathGenerator)
.attr("fill", "#e0e0e0")
.attr("stroke", "#999")
.attr("stroke-width", 0.5);
// Draw points
svg.selectAll("circle")
.data(pointData)
.join("circle")
.attr("cx", d => projection([d.longitude, d.latitude])[0])
.attr("cy", d => projection([d.longitude, d.latitude])[1])
.attr("r", 5)
.attr("fill", "steelblue")
.attr("opacity", 0.7);
}, [geoData, pointData]);
```
### Choropleth map
```javascript
useEffect(() => {
if (!geoData || !valueData) return;
const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
const width = 800;
const height = 600;
const projection = d3.geoMercator()
.fitSize([width, height], geoData);
const pathGenerator = d3.geoPath().projection(projection);
// Create value lookup
const valueLookup = new Map(valueData.map(d => [d.id, d.value]));
// Colour scale
const colourScale = d3.scaleSequential(d3.interpolateBlues)
.domain([0, d3.max(valueData, d => d.value)]);
svg.selectAll("path")
.data(geoData.features)
.join("path")
.attr("d", pathGenerator)
.attr("fill", d => {
const value = valueLookup.get(d.id);
return value ? colourScale(value) : "#e0e0e0";
})
.attr("stroke", "#999")
.attr("stroke-width", 0.5);
}, [geoData, valueData]);
```
## Advanced interactions
### Brush and zoom
```javascript
useEffect(() => {
if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
const width = 800;
const height = 400;
const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 40, left: 50 };
const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
const xScale = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.x)])
.range([0, innerWidth]);
const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.y)])
.range([innerHeight, 0]);
const g = svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
const circles = g.selectAll("circle")
.data(data)
.join("circle")
.attr("cx", d => xScale(d.x))
.attr("cy", d => yScale(d.y))
.attr("r", 5)
.attr("fill", "steelblue");
// Add brush
const brush = d3.brush()
.extent([[0, 0], [innerWidth, innerHeight]])
.on("start brush", (event) => {
if (!event.selection) return;
const [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]] = event.selection;
circles.attr("fill", d => {
const cx = xScale(d.x);
const cy = yScale(d.y);
return (cx >= x0 && cx <= x1 && cy >= y0 && cy <= y1)
? "orange"
: "steelblue";
});
});
g.append("g")
.attr("class", "brush")
.call(brush);
}, [data]);
```
### Linked brushing between charts
```javascript
function LinkedCharts({ data }) {
const [selectedPoints, setSelectedPoints] = useState(new Set());
const svg1Ref = useRef();
const svg2Ref = useRef();
useEffect(() => {
// Chart 1: Scatter plot
const svg1 = d3.select(svg1Ref.current);
svg1.selectAll("*").remove();
// ... create first chart ...
const circles1 = svg1.selectAll("circle")
.data(data)
.join("circle")
.attr("fill", d => selectedPoints.has(d.id) ? "orange" : "steelblue");
// Chart 2: Bar chart
const svg2 = d3.select(svg2Ref.current);
svg2.selectAll("*").remove();
// ... create second chart ...
const bars = svg2.selectAll("rect")
.data(data)
.join("rect")
.attr("fill", d => selectedPoints.has(d.id) ? "orange" : "steelblue");
// Add brush to first chart
const brush = d3.brush()
.on("start brush end", (event) => {
if (!event.selection) {
setSelectedPoints(new Set());
return;
}
const [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]] = event.selection;
const selected = new Set();
data.forEach(d => {
const x = xScale(d.x);
const y = yScale(d.y);
if (x >= x0 && x <= x1 && y >= y0 && y <= y1) {
selected.add(d.id);
}
});
setSelectedPoints(selected);
});
svg1.append("g").call(brush);
}, [data, selectedPoints]);
return (
<div>
<svg ref={svg1Ref} width="400" height="300" />
<svg ref={svg2Ref} width="400" height="300" />
</div>
);
}
```
## Animation patterns
### Enter, update, exit with transitions
```javascript
useEffect(() => {
if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
const circles = svg.selectAll("circle")
.data(data, d => d.id); // Key function for object constancy
// EXIT: Remove old elements
circles.exit()
.transition()
.duration(500)
.attr("r", 0)
.remove();
// UPDATE: Modify existing elements
circles
.transition()
.duration(500)
.attr("cx", d => xScale(d.x))
.attr("cy", d => yScale(d.y))
.attr("fill", "steelblue");
// ENTER: Add new elements
circles.enter()
.append("circle")
.attr("cx", d => xScale(d.x))
.attr("cy", d => yScale(d.y))
.attr("r", 0)
.attr("fill", "steelblue")
.transition()
.duration(500)
.attr("r", 5);
}, [data]);
```
### Path morphing
```javascript
useEffect(() => {
if (!data1 || !data2) return;
const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
const line = d3.line()
.x(d => xScale(d.x))
.y(d => yScale(d.y))
.curve(d3.curveMonotoneX);
const path = svg.select("path");
// Morph from data1 to data2
path
.datum(data1)
.attr("d", line)
.transition()
.duration(1000)
.attrTween("d", function() {
const previous = d3.select(this).attr("d");
const current = line(data2);
return d3.interpolatePath(previous, current);
});
}, [data1, data2]);
```