Addresses feedback from AI Agent Skills Benchmark (80/100 → target 88+):
SKILL.md restructured:
- Added table of contents for Progressive Disclosure Architecture
- Fixed second-person voice ("your" → imperative form throughout)
- Added concrete input/output examples for RICE and interview tools
- Added validation steps to all 3 workflows (prioritization, discovery, PRD)
- Removed duplicate RICE framework definition
- Reduced content by moving frameworks to reference file
New: references/frameworks.md (~560 lines)
Comprehensive framework reference including:
- Prioritization: RICE (detailed), Value/Effort Matrix, MoSCoW, ICE, Kano
- Discovery: Customer Interview Guide, Hypothesis Template, Opportunity
Solution Tree, Jobs to Be Done
- Metrics: North Star, HEART Framework, Funnel Analysis, Feature Success
- Strategic: Product Vision Template, Competitive Analysis, GTM Checklist
Changes target +8 points per benchmark quick wins:
- TOC added (+2 PDA)
- Frameworks moved to reference (+3 PDA)
- Input/output examples added (+1 Utility)
- Second-person voice fixed (+1 Writing Style)
- Duplicate content consolidated (+1 PDA)
Resolves #54
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
@@ -7,11 +7,32 @@ description: Comprehensive toolkit for product managers including RICE prioritiz
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Essential tools and frameworks for modern product management, from discovery to delivery.
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---
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## Table of Contents
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- [Quick Start](#quick-start)
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- [Core Workflows](#core-workflows)
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- [Feature Prioritization](#feature-prioritization-process)
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- [Customer Discovery](#customer-discovery-process)
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- [PRD Development](#prd-development-process)
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- [Tools Reference](#tools-reference)
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- [RICE Prioritizer](#rice-prioritizer)
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- [Customer Interview Analyzer](#customer-interview-analyzer)
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- [Input/Output Examples](#inputoutput-examples)
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- [Integration Points](#integration-points)
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- [Common Pitfalls](#common-pitfalls-to-avoid)
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---
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## Quick Start
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### For Feature Prioritization
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```bash
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py sample # Create sample CSV
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# Create sample data file
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py sample
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# Run prioritization with team capacity
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py sample_features.csv --capacity 15
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```
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@@ -22,318 +43,443 @@ python scripts/customer_interview_analyzer.py interview_transcript.txt
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### For PRD Creation
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1. Choose template from `references/prd_templates.md`
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2. Fill in sections based on discovery work
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3. Review with stakeholders
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4. Version control in your PM tool
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2. Fill sections based on discovery work
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3. Review with engineering for feasibility
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4. Version control in project management tool
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---
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## Core Workflows
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### Feature Prioritization Process
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1. **Gather Feature Requests**
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- Customer feedback
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- Sales requests
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- Technical debt
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- Strategic initiatives
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```
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Gather → Score → Analyze → Plan → Validate → Execute
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```
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2. **Score with RICE**
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```bash
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# Create CSV with: name,reach,impact,confidence,effort
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv
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```
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- **Reach**: Users affected per quarter
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- **Impact**: massive/high/medium/low/minimal
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- **Confidence**: high/medium/low
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- **Effort**: xl/l/m/s/xs (person-months)
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#### Step 1: Gather Feature Requests
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- Customer feedback (support tickets, interviews)
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- Sales requests (CRM pipeline blockers)
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- Technical debt (engineering input)
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- Strategic initiatives (leadership goals)
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3. **Analyze Portfolio**
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- Review quick wins vs big bets
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- Check effort distribution
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- Validate against strategy
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#### Step 2: Score with RICE
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```bash
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# Input: CSV with features
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv --capacity 20
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```
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4. **Generate Roadmap**
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- Quarterly capacity planning
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- Dependency mapping
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- Stakeholder alignment
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See `references/frameworks.md` for RICE formula and scoring guidelines.
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#### Step 3: Analyze Portfolio
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Review the tool output for:
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- Quick wins vs big bets distribution
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- Effort concentration (avoid all XL projects)
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- Strategic alignment gaps
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#### Step 4: Generate Roadmap
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- Quarterly capacity allocation
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- Dependency identification
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- Stakeholder communication plan
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#### Step 5: Validate Results
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**Before finalizing the roadmap:**
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- [ ] Compare top priorities against strategic goals
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- [ ] Run sensitivity analysis (what if estimates are wrong by 2x?)
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- [ ] Review with key stakeholders for blind spots
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- [ ] Check for missing dependencies between features
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- [ ] Validate effort estimates with engineering
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#### Step 6: Execute and Iterate
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- Share roadmap with team
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- Track actual vs estimated effort
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- Revisit priorities quarterly
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- Update RICE inputs based on learnings
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---
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### Customer Discovery Process
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1. **Conduct Interviews**
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- Use semi-structured format
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- Focus on problems, not solutions
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- Record with permission
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```
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Plan → Recruit → Interview → Analyze → Synthesize → Validate
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```
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2. **Analyze Insights**
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```bash
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python scripts/customer_interview_analyzer.py transcript.txt
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```
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Extracts:
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- Pain points with severity
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- Feature requests with priority
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- Jobs to be done
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- Sentiment analysis
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- Key themes and quotes
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#### Step 1: Plan Research
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- Define research questions
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- Identify target segments
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- Create interview script (see `references/frameworks.md`)
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3. **Synthesize Findings**
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- Group similar pain points
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- Identify patterns across interviews
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- Map to opportunity areas
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#### Step 2: Recruit Participants
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- 5-8 interviews per segment
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- Mix of power users and churned users
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- Incentivize appropriately
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4. **Validate Solutions**
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- Create solution hypotheses
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- Test with prototypes
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- Measure actual vs expected behavior
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#### Step 3: Conduct Interviews
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- Use semi-structured format
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- Focus on problems, not solutions
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- Record with permission
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- Take minimal notes during interview
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#### Step 4: Analyze Insights
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```bash
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python scripts/customer_interview_analyzer.py transcript.txt
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```
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Extracts:
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- Pain points with severity
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- Feature requests with priority
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- Jobs to be done patterns
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- Sentiment and key themes
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- Notable quotes
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#### Step 5: Synthesize Findings
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- Group similar pain points across interviews
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- Identify patterns (3+ mentions = pattern)
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- Map to opportunity areas using Opportunity Solution Tree
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- Prioritize opportunities by frequency and severity
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#### Step 6: Validate Solutions
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**Before building:**
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- [ ] Create solution hypotheses (see `references/frameworks.md`)
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- [ ] Test with low-fidelity prototypes
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- [ ] Measure actual behavior vs stated preference
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- [ ] Iterate based on feedback
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- [ ] Document learnings for future research
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---
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### PRD Development Process
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1. **Choose Template**
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- **Standard PRD**: Complex features (6-8 weeks)
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- **One-Page PRD**: Simple features (2-4 weeks)
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- **Feature Brief**: Exploration phase (1 week)
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- **Agile Epic**: Sprint-based delivery
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2. **Structure Content**
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- Problem → Solution → Success Metrics
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- Always include out-of-scope
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- Clear acceptance criteria
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3. **Collaborate**
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- Engineering for feasibility
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- Design for experience
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- Sales for market validation
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- Support for operational impact
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## Key Scripts
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### rice_prioritizer.py
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Advanced RICE framework implementation with portfolio analysis.
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**Features**:
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- RICE score calculation
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- Portfolio balance analysis (quick wins vs big bets)
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- Quarterly roadmap generation
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- Team capacity planning
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- Multiple output formats (text/json/csv)
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**Usage Examples**:
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```bash
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# Basic prioritization
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv
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# With custom team capacity (person-months per quarter)
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv --capacity 20
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# Output as JSON for integration
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv --output json
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```
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Scope → Draft → Review → Refine → Approve → Track
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```
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### customer_interview_analyzer.py
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#### Step 1: Choose Template
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Select from `references/prd_templates.md`:
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| Template | Use Case | Timeline |
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|----------|----------|----------|
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| Standard PRD | Complex features, cross-team | 6-8 weeks |
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| One-Page PRD | Simple features, single team | 2-4 weeks |
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| Feature Brief | Exploration phase | 1 week |
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| Agile Epic | Sprint-based delivery | Ongoing |
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#### Step 2: Draft Content
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- Lead with problem statement
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- Define success metrics upfront
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- Explicitly state out-of-scope items
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- Include wireframes or mockups
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#### Step 3: Review Cycle
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- Engineering: feasibility and effort
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- Design: user experience gaps
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- Sales: market validation
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- Support: operational impact
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#### Step 4: Refine Based on Feedback
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- Address technical constraints
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- Adjust scope to fit timeline
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- Document trade-off decisions
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#### Step 5: Approval and Kickoff
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- Stakeholder sign-off
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- Sprint planning integration
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- Communication to broader team
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#### Step 6: Track Execution
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**After launch:**
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- [ ] Compare actual metrics vs targets
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- [ ] Conduct user feedback sessions
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- [ ] Document what worked and what didn't
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- [ ] Update estimation accuracy data
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- [ ] Share learnings with team
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---
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## Tools Reference
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### RICE Prioritizer
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Advanced RICE framework implementation with portfolio analysis.
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**Features:**
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- RICE score calculation with configurable weights
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- Portfolio balance analysis (quick wins vs big bets)
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- Quarterly roadmap generation based on capacity
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- Multiple output formats (text, JSON, CSV)
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**CSV Input Format:**
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```csv
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name,reach,impact,confidence,effort,description
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User Dashboard Redesign,5000,high,high,l,Complete redesign
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Mobile Push Notifications,10000,massive,medium,m,Add push support
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Dark Mode,8000,medium,high,s,Dark theme option
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```
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**Commands:**
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```bash
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# Create sample data
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py sample
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# Run with default capacity (10 person-months)
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv
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# Custom capacity
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv --capacity 20
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# JSON output for integration
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv --output json
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# CSV output for spreadsheets
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv --output csv
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```
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---
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### Customer Interview Analyzer
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NLP-based interview analysis for extracting actionable insights.
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**Capabilities**:
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**Capabilities:**
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- Pain point extraction with severity assessment
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- Feature request identification and classification
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- Jobs-to-be-done pattern recognition
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- Sentiment analysis
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- Theme extraction
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- Competitor mentions
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- Key quotes identification
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- Sentiment analysis per section
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- Theme and quote extraction
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- Competitor mention detection
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**Usage Examples**:
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**Commands:**
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```bash
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# Analyze single interview
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# Analyze interview transcript
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python scripts/customer_interview_analyzer.py interview.txt
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# Output as JSON for aggregation
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# JSON output for aggregation
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python scripts/customer_interview_analyzer.py interview.txt json
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```
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## Reference Documents
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---
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### prd_templates.md
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Multiple PRD formats for different contexts:
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## Input/Output Examples
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1. **Standard PRD Template**
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- Comprehensive 11-section format
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- Best for major features
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- Includes technical specs
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### RICE Prioritizer Example
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2. **One-Page PRD**
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- Concise format for quick alignment
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- Focus on problem/solution/metrics
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- Good for smaller features
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3. **Agile Epic Template**
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- Sprint-based delivery
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- User story mapping
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- Acceptance criteria focus
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4. **Feature Brief**
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- Lightweight exploration
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- Hypothesis-driven
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- Pre-PRD phase
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## Prioritization Frameworks
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### RICE Framework
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```
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Score = (Reach × Impact × Confidence) / Effort
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Reach: # of users/quarter
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Impact:
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- Massive = 3x
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- High = 2x
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- Medium = 1x
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- Low = 0.5x
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- Minimal = 0.25x
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Confidence:
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- High = 100%
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- Medium = 80%
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- Low = 50%
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Effort: Person-months
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**Input (features.csv):**
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```csv
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name,reach,impact,confidence,effort
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Onboarding Flow,20000,massive,high,s
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Search Improvements,15000,high,high,m
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Social Login,12000,high,medium,m
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Push Notifications,10000,massive,medium,m
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Dark Mode,8000,medium,high,s
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```
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|
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### Value vs Effort Matrix
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```
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Low Effort High Effort
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High QUICK WINS BIG BETS
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Value [Prioritize] [Strategic]
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Low FILL-INS TIME SINKS
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Value [Maybe] [Avoid]
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**Command:**
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```bash
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python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv --capacity 15
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```
|
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|
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### MoSCoW Method
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- **Must Have**: Critical for launch
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- **Should Have**: Important but not critical
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- **Could Have**: Nice to have
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- **Won't Have**: Out of scope
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|
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## Discovery Frameworks
|
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|
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### Customer Interview Guide
|
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**Output:**
|
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```
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1. Context Questions (5 min)
|
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- Role and responsibilities
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- Current workflow
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- Tools used
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============================================================
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RICE PRIORITIZATION RESULTS
|
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============================================================
|
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|
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2. Problem Exploration (15 min)
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- Pain points
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- Frequency and impact
|
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- Current workarounds
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📊 TOP PRIORITIZED FEATURES
|
||||
|
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3. Solution Validation (10 min)
|
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- Reaction to concepts
|
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- Value perception
|
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- Willingness to pay
|
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1. Onboarding Flow
|
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RICE Score: 16000.0
|
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Reach: 20000 | Impact: massive | Confidence: high | Effort: s
|
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|
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4. Wrap-up (5 min)
|
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- Other thoughts
|
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- Referrals
|
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- Follow-up permission
|
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2. Search Improvements
|
||||
RICE Score: 4800.0
|
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Reach: 15000 | Impact: high | Confidence: high | Effort: m
|
||||
|
||||
3. Social Login
|
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RICE Score: 3072.0
|
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Reach: 12000 | Impact: high | Confidence: medium | Effort: m
|
||||
|
||||
4. Push Notifications
|
||||
RICE Score: 3840.0
|
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Reach: 10000 | Impact: massive | Confidence: medium | Effort: m
|
||||
|
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5. Dark Mode
|
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RICE Score: 2133.33
|
||||
Reach: 8000 | Impact: medium | Confidence: high | Effort: s
|
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|
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📈 PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS
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|
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Total Features: 5
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Total Effort: 19 person-months
|
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Total Reach: 65,000 users
|
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Average RICE Score: 5969.07
|
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|
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🎯 Quick Wins: 2 features
|
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• Onboarding Flow (RICE: 16000.0)
|
||||
• Dark Mode (RICE: 2133.33)
|
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|
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🚀 Big Bets: 0 features
|
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|
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📅 SUGGESTED ROADMAP
|
||||
|
||||
Q1 - Capacity: 11/15 person-months
|
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• Onboarding Flow (RICE: 16000.0)
|
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• Search Improvements (RICE: 4800.0)
|
||||
• Dark Mode (RICE: 2133.33)
|
||||
|
||||
Q2 - Capacity: 10/15 person-months
|
||||
• Push Notifications (RICE: 3840.0)
|
||||
• Social Login (RICE: 3072.0)
|
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```
|
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|
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### Hypothesis Template
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### Customer Interview Analyzer Example
|
||||
|
||||
**Input (interview.txt):**
|
||||
```
|
||||
We believe that [building this feature]
|
||||
For [these users]
|
||||
Will [achieve this outcome]
|
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We'll know we're right when [metric]
|
||||
Customer: Jane, Enterprise PM at TechCorp
|
||||
Date: 2024-01-15
|
||||
|
||||
Interviewer: What's the hardest part of your current workflow?
|
||||
|
||||
Jane: The biggest frustration is the lack of real-time collaboration.
|
||||
When I'm working on a PRD, I have to constantly ping my team on Slack
|
||||
to get updates. It's really frustrating to wait for responses,
|
||||
especially when we're on a tight deadline.
|
||||
|
||||
I've tried using Google Docs for collaboration, but it doesn't
|
||||
integrate with our roadmap tools. I'd pay extra for something that
|
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just worked seamlessly.
|
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|
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Interviewer: How often does this happen?
|
||||
|
||||
Jane: Literally every day. I probably waste 30 minutes just on
|
||||
back-and-forth messages. It's my biggest pain point right now.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Opportunity Solution Tree
|
||||
```
|
||||
Outcome
|
||||
├── Opportunity 1
|
||||
│ ├── Solution A
|
||||
│ └── Solution B
|
||||
└── Opportunity 2
|
||||
├── Solution C
|
||||
└── Solution D
|
||||
**Command:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
python scripts/customer_interview_analyzer.py interview.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Metrics & Analytics
|
||||
|
||||
### North Star Metric Framework
|
||||
1. **Identify Core Value**: What's the #1 value to users?
|
||||
2. **Make it Measurable**: Quantifiable and trackable
|
||||
3. **Ensure It's Actionable**: Teams can influence it
|
||||
4. **Check Leading Indicator**: Predicts business success
|
||||
|
||||
### Funnel Analysis Template
|
||||
**Output:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
Acquisition → Activation → Retention → Revenue → Referral
|
||||
============================================================
|
||||
CUSTOMER INTERVIEW ANALYSIS
|
||||
============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Key Metrics:
|
||||
- Conversion rate at each step
|
||||
- Drop-off points
|
||||
- Time between steps
|
||||
- Cohort variations
|
||||
📋 INTERVIEW METADATA
|
||||
Segments found: 1
|
||||
Lines analyzed: 15
|
||||
|
||||
😟 PAIN POINTS (3 found)
|
||||
|
||||
1. [HIGH] Lack of real-time collaboration
|
||||
"I have to constantly ping my team on Slack to get updates"
|
||||
|
||||
2. [MEDIUM] Tool integration gaps
|
||||
"Google Docs...doesn't integrate with our roadmap tools"
|
||||
|
||||
3. [HIGH] Time wasted on communication
|
||||
"waste 30 minutes just on back-and-forth messages"
|
||||
|
||||
💡 FEATURE REQUESTS (2 found)
|
||||
|
||||
1. Real-time collaboration - Priority: High
|
||||
2. Seamless tool integration - Priority: Medium
|
||||
|
||||
🎯 JOBS TO BE DONE
|
||||
|
||||
When working on PRDs with tight deadlines
|
||||
I want real-time visibility into team updates
|
||||
So I can avoid wasted time on status checks
|
||||
|
||||
📊 SENTIMENT ANALYSIS
|
||||
|
||||
Overall: Negative (pain-focused interview)
|
||||
Key emotions: Frustration, Time pressure
|
||||
|
||||
💬 KEY QUOTES
|
||||
|
||||
• "It's really frustrating to wait for responses"
|
||||
• "I'd pay extra for something that just worked seamlessly"
|
||||
• "It's my biggest pain point right now"
|
||||
|
||||
🏷️ THEMES
|
||||
|
||||
- Collaboration friction
|
||||
- Tool fragmentation
|
||||
- Time efficiency
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Feature Success Metrics
|
||||
- **Adoption**: % of users using feature
|
||||
- **Frequency**: Usage per user per time period
|
||||
- **Depth**: % of feature capability used
|
||||
- **Retention**: Continued usage over time
|
||||
- **Satisfaction**: NPS/CSAT for feature
|
||||
|
||||
## Best Practices
|
||||
|
||||
### Writing Great PRDs
|
||||
1. Start with the problem, not solution
|
||||
2. Include clear success metrics upfront
|
||||
3. Explicitly state what's out of scope
|
||||
4. Use visuals (wireframes, flows)
|
||||
5. Keep technical details in appendix
|
||||
6. Version control changes
|
||||
|
||||
### Effective Prioritization
|
||||
1. Mix quick wins with strategic bets
|
||||
2. Consider opportunity cost
|
||||
3. Account for dependencies
|
||||
4. Buffer for unexpected work (20%)
|
||||
5. Revisit quarterly
|
||||
6. Communicate decisions clearly
|
||||
|
||||
### Customer Discovery Tips
|
||||
1. Ask "why" 5 times
|
||||
2. Focus on past behavior, not future intentions
|
||||
3. Avoid leading questions
|
||||
4. Interview in their environment
|
||||
5. Look for emotional reactions
|
||||
6. Validate with data
|
||||
|
||||
### Stakeholder Management
|
||||
1. Identify RACI for decisions
|
||||
2. Regular async updates
|
||||
3. Demo over documentation
|
||||
4. Address concerns early
|
||||
5. Celebrate wins publicly
|
||||
6. Learn from failures openly
|
||||
|
||||
## Common Pitfalls to Avoid
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Solution-First Thinking**: Jumping to features before understanding problems
|
||||
2. **Analysis Paralysis**: Over-researching without shipping
|
||||
3. **Feature Factory**: Shipping features without measuring impact
|
||||
4. **Ignoring Technical Debt**: Not allocating time for platform health
|
||||
5. **Stakeholder Surprise**: Not communicating early and often
|
||||
6. **Metric Theater**: Optimizing vanity metrics over real value
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Integration Points
|
||||
|
||||
This toolkit integrates with:
|
||||
- **Analytics**: Amplitude, Mixpanel, Google Analytics
|
||||
- **Roadmapping**: ProductBoard, Aha!, Roadmunk
|
||||
- **Design**: Figma, Sketch, Miro
|
||||
- **Development**: Jira, Linear, GitHub
|
||||
- **Research**: Dovetail, UserVoice, Pendo
|
||||
- **Communication**: Slack, Notion, Confluence
|
||||
Compatible tools and platforms:
|
||||
|
||||
## Quick Commands Cheat Sheet
|
||||
| Category | Platforms |
|
||||
|----------|-----------|
|
||||
| **Analytics** | Amplitude, Mixpanel, Google Analytics |
|
||||
| **Roadmapping** | ProductBoard, Aha!, Roadmunk, Productplan |
|
||||
| **Design** | Figma, Sketch, Miro |
|
||||
| **Development** | Jira, Linear, GitHub, Asana |
|
||||
| **Research** | Dovetail, UserVoice, Pendo, Maze |
|
||||
| **Communication** | Slack, Notion, Confluence |
|
||||
|
||||
**JSON export enables integration with most tools:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Export for Jira import
|
||||
python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv --output json > priorities.json
|
||||
|
||||
# Export for dashboard
|
||||
python scripts/customer_interview_analyzer.py interview.txt json > insights.json
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Common Pitfalls to Avoid
|
||||
|
||||
| Pitfall | Description | Prevention |
|
||||
|---------|-------------|------------|
|
||||
| **Solution-First** | Jumping to features before understanding problems | Start every PRD with problem statement |
|
||||
| **Analysis Paralysis** | Over-researching without shipping | Set time-boxes for research phases |
|
||||
| **Feature Factory** | Shipping features without measuring impact | Define success metrics before building |
|
||||
| **Ignoring Tech Debt** | Not allocating time for platform health | Reserve 20% capacity for maintenance |
|
||||
| **Stakeholder Surprise** | Not communicating early and often | Weekly async updates, monthly demos |
|
||||
| **Metric Theater** | Optimizing vanity metrics over real value | Tie metrics to user value delivered |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Best Practices
|
||||
|
||||
**Writing Great PRDs:**
|
||||
- Start with the problem, not the solution
|
||||
- Include clear success metrics upfront
|
||||
- Explicitly state what's out of scope
|
||||
- Use visuals (wireframes, flows, diagrams)
|
||||
- Keep technical details in appendix
|
||||
- Version control all changes
|
||||
|
||||
**Effective Prioritization:**
|
||||
- Mix quick wins with strategic bets
|
||||
- Consider opportunity cost of delays
|
||||
- Account for dependencies between features
|
||||
- Buffer 20% for unexpected work
|
||||
- Revisit priorities quarterly
|
||||
- Communicate decisions with context
|
||||
|
||||
**Customer Discovery:**
|
||||
- Ask "why" five times to find root cause
|
||||
- Focus on past behavior, not future intentions
|
||||
- Avoid leading questions ("Wouldn't you love...")
|
||||
- Interview in the user's natural environment
|
||||
- Watch for emotional reactions (pain = opportunity)
|
||||
- Validate qualitative with quantitative data
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Quick Reference
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Prioritization
|
||||
@@ -342,10 +488,17 @@ python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv --capacity 15
|
||||
# Interview Analysis
|
||||
python scripts/customer_interview_analyzer.py interview.txt
|
||||
|
||||
# Create sample data
|
||||
# Generate sample data
|
||||
python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py sample
|
||||
|
||||
# JSON outputs for integration
|
||||
# JSON outputs
|
||||
python scripts/rice_prioritizer.py features.csv --output json
|
||||
python scripts/customer_interview_analyzer.py interview.txt json
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Reference Documents
|
||||
|
||||
- `references/prd_templates.md` - PRD templates for different contexts
|
||||
- `references/frameworks.md` - Detailed framework documentation (RICE, MoSCoW, Kano, JTBD, etc.)
|
||||
|
||||
559
product-team/product-manager-toolkit/references/frameworks.md
Normal file
559
product-team/product-manager-toolkit/references/frameworks.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
|
||||
# Product Management Frameworks
|
||||
|
||||
Comprehensive reference for prioritization, discovery, and measurement frameworks.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Table of Contents
|
||||
|
||||
- [Prioritization Frameworks](#prioritization-frameworks)
|
||||
- [RICE Framework](#rice-framework)
|
||||
- [Value vs Effort Matrix](#value-vs-effort-matrix)
|
||||
- [MoSCoW Method](#moscow-method)
|
||||
- [ICE Scoring](#ice-scoring)
|
||||
- [Kano Model](#kano-model)
|
||||
- [Discovery Frameworks](#discovery-frameworks)
|
||||
- [Customer Interview Guide](#customer-interview-guide)
|
||||
- [Hypothesis Template](#hypothesis-template)
|
||||
- [Opportunity Solution Tree](#opportunity-solution-tree)
|
||||
- [Jobs to Be Done](#jobs-to-be-done)
|
||||
- [Metrics Frameworks](#metrics-frameworks)
|
||||
- [North Star Metric](#north-star-metric-framework)
|
||||
- [HEART Framework](#heart-framework)
|
||||
- [Funnel Analysis](#funnel-analysis-template)
|
||||
- [Feature Success Metrics](#feature-success-metrics)
|
||||
- [Strategic Frameworks](#strategic-frameworks)
|
||||
- [Product Vision Template](#product-vision-template)
|
||||
- [Competitive Analysis](#competitive-analysis-framework)
|
||||
- [Go-to-Market Checklist](#go-to-market-checklist)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Prioritization Frameworks
|
||||
|
||||
### RICE Framework
|
||||
|
||||
**Formula:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
RICE Score = (Reach × Impact × Confidence) / Effort
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Components:**
|
||||
|
||||
| Component | Description | Values |
|
||||
|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
||||
| **Reach** | Users affected per quarter | Numeric count (e.g., 5000) |
|
||||
| **Impact** | Effect on each user | massive=3x, high=2x, medium=1x, low=0.5x, minimal=0.25x |
|
||||
| **Confidence** | Certainty in estimates | high=100%, medium=80%, low=50% |
|
||||
| **Effort** | Person-months required | xl=13, l=8, m=5, s=3, xs=1 |
|
||||
|
||||
**Example Calculation:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
Feature: Mobile Push Notifications
|
||||
Reach: 10,000 users
|
||||
Impact: massive (3x)
|
||||
Confidence: medium (80%)
|
||||
Effort: medium (5 person-months)
|
||||
|
||||
RICE = (10,000 × 3 × 0.8) / 5 = 4,800
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Interpretation Guidelines:**
|
||||
- **1000+**: High priority - strong candidates for next quarter
|
||||
- **500-999**: Medium priority - consider for roadmap
|
||||
- **100-499**: Low priority - keep in backlog
|
||||
- **<100**: Deprioritize - requires new data to reconsider
|
||||
|
||||
**When to Use RICE:**
|
||||
- Quarterly roadmap planning
|
||||
- Comparing features across different product areas
|
||||
- Communicating priorities to stakeholders
|
||||
- Resolving prioritization debates with data
|
||||
|
||||
**RICE Limitations:**
|
||||
- Requires reasonable estimates (garbage in, garbage out)
|
||||
- Doesn't account for dependencies
|
||||
- May undervalue platform investments
|
||||
- Reach estimates can be gaming-prone
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### Value vs Effort Matrix
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Low Effort High Effort
|
||||
+--------------+------------------+
|
||||
High Value | QUICK WINS | BIG BETS |
|
||||
| [Do First] | [Strategic] |
|
||||
+--------------+------------------+
|
||||
Low Value | FILL-INS | TIME SINKS |
|
||||
| [Maybe] | [Avoid] |
|
||||
+--------------+------------------+
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Quadrant Definitions:**
|
||||
|
||||
| Quadrant | Characteristics | Action |
|
||||
|----------|-----------------|--------|
|
||||
| **Quick Wins** | High impact, low effort | Prioritize immediately |
|
||||
| **Big Bets** | High impact, high effort | Plan strategically, validate ROI |
|
||||
| **Fill-Ins** | Low impact, low effort | Use to fill sprint gaps |
|
||||
| **Time Sinks** | Low impact, high effort | Avoid unless required |
|
||||
|
||||
**Portfolio Balance:**
|
||||
- Ideal mix: 40% Quick Wins, 30% Big Bets, 20% Fill-Ins, 10% Buffer
|
||||
- Review balance quarterly
|
||||
- Adjust based on team morale and strategic goals
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### MoSCoW Method
|
||||
|
||||
| Category | Definition | Sprint Allocation |
|
||||
|----------|------------|-------------------|
|
||||
| **Must Have** | Critical for launch; product fails without it | 60% of capacity |
|
||||
| **Should Have** | Important but workarounds exist | 20% of capacity |
|
||||
| **Could Have** | Desirable enhancements | 10% of capacity |
|
||||
| **Won't Have** | Explicitly out of scope (this release) | 0% - documented |
|
||||
|
||||
**Decision Criteria for "Must Have":**
|
||||
- Regulatory/legal requirement
|
||||
- Core user job cannot be completed without it
|
||||
- Explicitly promised to customers
|
||||
- Security or data integrity requirement
|
||||
|
||||
**Common Mistakes:**
|
||||
- Everything becomes "Must Have" (scope creep)
|
||||
- Not documenting "Won't Have" items
|
||||
- Treating "Should Have" as optional (they're important)
|
||||
- Forgetting to revisit for next release
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### ICE Scoring
|
||||
|
||||
**Formula:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
ICE Score = (Impact + Confidence + Ease) / 3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
| Component | Scale | Description |
|
||||
|-----------|-------|-------------|
|
||||
| **Impact** | 1-10 | Expected effect on key metric |
|
||||
| **Confidence** | 1-10 | How sure are you about impact? |
|
||||
| **Ease** | 1-10 | How easy to implement? |
|
||||
|
||||
**When to Use ICE vs RICE:**
|
||||
- ICE: Early-stage exploration, quick estimates
|
||||
- RICE: Quarterly planning, cross-team prioritization
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### Kano Model
|
||||
|
||||
Categories of feature satisfaction:
|
||||
|
||||
| Type | Absent | Present | Priority |
|
||||
|------|--------|---------|----------|
|
||||
| **Basic (Must-Be)** | Dissatisfied | Neutral | High - table stakes |
|
||||
| **Performance (Linear)** | Neutral | Satisfied proportionally | Medium - differentiation |
|
||||
| **Excitement (Delighter)** | Neutral | Very satisfied | Strategic - competitive edge |
|
||||
| **Indifferent** | Neutral | Neutral | Low - skip unless cheap |
|
||||
| **Reverse** | Satisfied | Dissatisfied | Avoid - remove if exists |
|
||||
|
||||
**Feature Classification Questions:**
|
||||
1. How would you feel if the product HAS this feature?
|
||||
2. How would you feel if the product DOES NOT have this feature?
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Discovery Frameworks
|
||||
|
||||
### Customer Interview Guide
|
||||
|
||||
**Structure (35 minutes total):**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. CONTEXT QUESTIONS (5 min)
|
||||
└── Build rapport, understand role
|
||||
|
||||
2. PROBLEM EXPLORATION (15 min)
|
||||
└── Dig into pain points
|
||||
|
||||
3. SOLUTION VALIDATION (10 min)
|
||||
└── Test concepts if applicable
|
||||
|
||||
4. WRAP-UP (5 min)
|
||||
└── Referrals, follow-up
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Detailed Script:**
|
||||
|
||||
#### Phase 1: Context (5 min)
|
||||
```
|
||||
"Thanks for taking the time. Before we dive in..."
|
||||
|
||||
- What's your role and how long have you been in it?
|
||||
- Walk me through a typical day/week.
|
||||
- What tools do you use for [relevant task]?
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Phase 2: Problem Exploration (15 min)
|
||||
```
|
||||
"I'd love to understand the challenges you face with [area]..."
|
||||
|
||||
- What's the hardest part about [task]?
|
||||
- Can you tell me about the last time you struggled with this?
|
||||
- What did you do? What happened?
|
||||
- How often does this happen?
|
||||
- What does it cost you (time, money, frustration)?
|
||||
- What have you tried to solve it?
|
||||
- Why didn't those solutions work?
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Phase 3: Solution Validation (10 min)
|
||||
```
|
||||
"Based on what you've shared, I'd like to get your reaction to an idea..."
|
||||
|
||||
[Show prototype/concept - keep it rough to invite honest feedback]
|
||||
|
||||
- What's your initial reaction?
|
||||
- How does this compare to what you do today?
|
||||
- What would prevent you from using this?
|
||||
- How much would this be worth to you?
|
||||
- Who else would need to approve this purchase?
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Phase 4: Wrap-up (5 min)
|
||||
```
|
||||
"This has been incredibly helpful..."
|
||||
|
||||
- Anything else I should have asked?
|
||||
- Who else should I talk to about this?
|
||||
- Can I follow up if I have more questions?
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Interview Best Practices:**
|
||||
- Never ask "would you use this?" (people lie about future behavior)
|
||||
- Ask about past behavior: "Tell me about the last time..."
|
||||
- Embrace silence - count to 7 before filling gaps
|
||||
- Watch for emotional reactions (pain = opportunity)
|
||||
- Record with permission; take minimal notes during
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### Hypothesis Template
|
||||
|
||||
**Format:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
We believe that [building this feature/making this change]
|
||||
For [target user segment]
|
||||
Will [achieve this measurable outcome]
|
||||
|
||||
We'll know we're right when [specific metric moves by X%]
|
||||
|
||||
We'll know we're wrong when [falsification criteria]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
We believe that adding saved payment methods
|
||||
For returning customers
|
||||
Will increase checkout completion rate
|
||||
|
||||
We'll know we're right when checkout completion increases by 15%
|
||||
|
||||
We'll know we're wrong when completion rate stays flat after 2 weeks
|
||||
or saved payment adoption is < 20%
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Hypothesis Quality Checklist:**
|
||||
- [ ] Specific user segment defined
|
||||
- [ ] Measurable outcome (number, not "better")
|
||||
- [ ] Timeframe for measurement
|
||||
- [ ] Clear falsification criteria
|
||||
- [ ] Based on evidence (interviews, data)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### Opportunity Solution Tree
|
||||
|
||||
**Structure:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
[DESIRED OUTCOME]
|
||||
│
|
||||
├── Opportunity 1: [User problem/need]
|
||||
│ ├── Solution A
|
||||
│ ├── Solution B
|
||||
│ └── Experiment: [Test to validate]
|
||||
│
|
||||
├── Opportunity 2: [User problem/need]
|
||||
│ ├── Solution C
|
||||
│ └── Solution D
|
||||
│
|
||||
└── Opportunity 3: [User problem/need]
|
||||
└── Solution E
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
[Increase monthly active users by 20%]
|
||||
│
|
||||
├── Users forget to return
|
||||
│ ├── Weekly email digest
|
||||
│ ├── Mobile push notifications
|
||||
│ └── Test: A/B email frequency
|
||||
│
|
||||
├── New users don't find value quickly
|
||||
│ ├── Improved onboarding wizard
|
||||
│ └── Personalized first experience
|
||||
│
|
||||
└── Users churn after free trial
|
||||
├── Extended trial for engaged users
|
||||
└── Friction audit of upgrade flow
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Process:**
|
||||
1. Start with measurable outcome (not solution)
|
||||
2. Map opportunities from user research
|
||||
3. Generate multiple solutions per opportunity
|
||||
4. Design small experiments to validate
|
||||
5. Prioritize based on learning potential
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### Jobs to Be Done
|
||||
|
||||
**JTBD Statement Format:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
When [situation/trigger]
|
||||
I want to [motivation/job]
|
||||
So I can [expected outcome]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
When I'm running late for a meeting
|
||||
I want to notify attendees quickly
|
||||
So I can set appropriate expectations and reduce anxiety
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Force Diagram:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
┌─────────────────┐
|
||||
Push from │ │ Pull toward
|
||||
current ──────>│ SWITCH │<────── new
|
||||
solution │ DECISION │ solution
|
||||
│ │
|
||||
└─────────────────┘
|
||||
^ ^
|
||||
| |
|
||||
Anxiety of | | Habit of
|
||||
change ──────┘ └────── status quo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Interview Questions for JTBD:**
|
||||
- When did you first realize you needed something like this?
|
||||
- What were you using before? Why did you switch?
|
||||
- What almost prevented you from switching?
|
||||
- What would make you go back to the old way?
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Metrics Frameworks
|
||||
|
||||
### North Star Metric Framework
|
||||
|
||||
**Criteria for a Good NSM:**
|
||||
1. **Measures value delivery**: Captures what users get from product
|
||||
2. **Leading indicator**: Predicts business success
|
||||
3. **Actionable**: Teams can influence it
|
||||
4. **Measurable**: Trackable on regular cadence
|
||||
|
||||
**Examples by Business Type:**
|
||||
|
||||
| Business | North Star Metric | Why |
|
||||
|----------|-------------------|-----|
|
||||
| Spotify | Time spent listening | Measures engagement value |
|
||||
| Airbnb | Nights booked | Core transaction metric |
|
||||
| Slack | Messages sent in channels | Team collaboration value |
|
||||
| Dropbox | Files stored/synced | Storage utility delivered |
|
||||
| Netflix | Hours watched | Entertainment value |
|
||||
|
||||
**Supporting Metrics Structure:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
[NORTH STAR METRIC]
|
||||
│
|
||||
├── Breadth: How many users?
|
||||
├── Depth: How engaged are they?
|
||||
└── Frequency: How often do they engage?
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### HEART Framework
|
||||
|
||||
| Metric | Definition | Example Signals |
|
||||
|--------|------------|-----------------|
|
||||
| **Happiness** | Subjective satisfaction | NPS, CSAT, survey scores |
|
||||
| **Engagement** | Depth of involvement | Session length, actions/session |
|
||||
| **Adoption** | New user behavior | Signups, feature activation |
|
||||
| **Retention** | Continued usage | D7/D30 retention, churn rate |
|
||||
| **Task Success** | Efficiency & effectiveness | Completion rate, time-on-task, errors |
|
||||
|
||||
**Goals-Signals-Metrics Process:**
|
||||
1. **Goal**: What user behavior indicates success?
|
||||
2. **Signal**: How would success manifest in data?
|
||||
3. **Metric**: How do we measure the signal?
|
||||
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
Feature: New checkout flow
|
||||
|
||||
Goal: Users complete purchases faster
|
||||
Signal: Reduced time in checkout, fewer drop-offs
|
||||
Metrics:
|
||||
- Median checkout time (target: <2 min)
|
||||
- Checkout completion rate (target: 85%)
|
||||
- Error rate (target: <2%)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### Funnel Analysis Template
|
||||
|
||||
**Standard Funnel:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
Acquisition → Activation → Retention → Revenue → Referral
|
||||
│ │ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │ │
|
||||
How do First Come back Pay for Tell
|
||||
they find "aha" regularly value others
|
||||
you? moment
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Metrics per Stage:**
|
||||
|
||||
| Stage | Key Metrics | Typical Benchmark |
|
||||
|-------|-------------|-------------------|
|
||||
| **Acquisition** | Visitors, CAC, channel mix | Varies by channel |
|
||||
| **Activation** | Signup rate, onboarding completion | 20-30% visitor→signup |
|
||||
| **Retention** | D1/D7/D30 retention, churn | D1: 40%, D7: 20%, D30: 10% |
|
||||
| **Revenue** | Conversion rate, ARPU, LTV | 2-5% free→paid |
|
||||
| **Referral** | NPS, viral coefficient, referrals/user | NPS > 50 is excellent |
|
||||
|
||||
**Analysis Framework:**
|
||||
1. Map current conversion rates at each stage
|
||||
2. Identify biggest drop-off point
|
||||
3. Qualitative research: Why are users leaving?
|
||||
4. Hypothesis: What would improve conversion?
|
||||
5. Test and measure
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### Feature Success Metrics
|
||||
|
||||
| Metric | Definition | Target Range |
|
||||
|--------|------------|--------------|
|
||||
| **Adoption** | % users who try feature | 30-50% within 30 days |
|
||||
| **Activation** | % who complete core action | 60-80% of adopters |
|
||||
| **Frequency** | Uses per user per time | Weekly for engagement features |
|
||||
| **Depth** | % of feature capability used | 50%+ of core functionality |
|
||||
| **Retention** | Continued usage over time | 70%+ at 30 days |
|
||||
| **Satisfaction** | Feature-specific NPS/rating | NPS > 30, Rating > 4.0 |
|
||||
|
||||
**Measurement Cadence:**
|
||||
- **Week 1**: Adoption and initial activation
|
||||
- **Week 4**: Retention and depth
|
||||
- **Week 8**: Long-term satisfaction and business impact
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Strategic Frameworks
|
||||
|
||||
### Product Vision Template
|
||||
|
||||
**Format:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
FOR [target customer]
|
||||
WHO [statement of need or opportunity]
|
||||
THE [product name] IS A [product category]
|
||||
THAT [key benefit, compelling reason to use]
|
||||
UNLIKE [primary competitive alternative]
|
||||
OUR PRODUCT [statement of primary differentiation]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Example:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
FOR busy professionals
|
||||
WHO need to stay informed without information overload
|
||||
Briefme IS A personalized news digest
|
||||
THAT delivers only relevant stories in 5 minutes
|
||||
UNLIKE traditional news apps that require active browsing
|
||||
OUR PRODUCT learns your interests and filters automatically
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### Competitive Analysis Framework
|
||||
|
||||
| Dimension | Us | Competitor A | Competitor B |
|
||||
|-----------|----|--------------|--------------|
|
||||
| **Target User** | | | |
|
||||
| **Core Value Prop** | | | |
|
||||
| **Pricing** | | | |
|
||||
| **Key Features** | | | |
|
||||
| **Strengths** | | | |
|
||||
| **Weaknesses** | | | |
|
||||
| **Market Position** | | | |
|
||||
|
||||
**Strategic Questions:**
|
||||
1. Where do we have parity? (table stakes)
|
||||
2. Where do we differentiate? (competitive advantage)
|
||||
3. Where are we behind? (gaps to close or ignore)
|
||||
4. What can only we do? (unique capabilities)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### Go-to-Market Checklist
|
||||
|
||||
**Pre-Launch (4 weeks before):**
|
||||
- [ ] Success metrics defined and instrumented
|
||||
- [ ] Launch/rollback criteria established
|
||||
- [ ] Support documentation ready
|
||||
- [ ] Sales enablement materials complete
|
||||
- [ ] Marketing assets prepared
|
||||
- [ ] Beta feedback incorporated
|
||||
|
||||
**Launch Week:**
|
||||
- [ ] Staged rollout plan (1% → 10% → 50% → 100%)
|
||||
- [ ] Monitoring dashboards live
|
||||
- [ ] On-call rotation scheduled
|
||||
- [ ] Communications ready (in-app, email, blog)
|
||||
- [ ] Support team briefed
|
||||
|
||||
**Post-Launch (2 weeks after):**
|
||||
- [ ] Metrics review vs. targets
|
||||
- [ ] User feedback synthesized
|
||||
- [ ] Bug/issue triage complete
|
||||
- [ ] Iteration plan defined
|
||||
- [ ] Stakeholder update sent
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Framework Selection Guide
|
||||
|
||||
| Situation | Recommended Framework |
|
||||
|-----------|----------------------|
|
||||
| Quarterly roadmap planning | RICE + Portfolio Matrix |
|
||||
| Sprint-level prioritization | MoSCoW |
|
||||
| Quick feature comparison | ICE |
|
||||
| Understanding user satisfaction | Kano |
|
||||
| User research synthesis | JTBD + Opportunity Tree |
|
||||
| Feature experiment design | Hypothesis Template |
|
||||
| Success measurement | HEART + Feature Metrics |
|
||||
| Strategy communication | North Star + Vision |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*Last Updated: January 2025*
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user